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Browsing Category " criminology "

Law Enforcement Administration Review Questions 4

Law Enforcement Administration Review Questions 4


1. Decisions of the National Appellate Board and the Regional Appellate Board may be appealed to the 

A. NAPOLCOM en Banc

B. Secretary of DILG

C. Chief PNP

D. Executive Secretary


Answer: B



2. It enforces all traffic laws and regulations to ensure the safety of motorists and pedestrians and attain orderly traffic.          

A. Civil Relations Unit                  

B. Traffic Operations Center          

C. Traffic Management Unit          

D. Aviation Security Command                    


Answer: C



3. A method of collecting information wherein the investigator merely uses his different senses.

A. observation                      

B. casing          

C. research          

D. interrogation                                        


Answer: A



4. In stationary surveillance, the following must be observed, EXCEPT          

A. never meet the subject face-to-face          

B. Avoid eye contact          

C. recognize fellow agent          

D. If burnt out, drop the subject                       


Answer: C



5. Pedro is a thief who is looking at Maria's handbag. PO1 Santos Reyes is standing a few meters from Maria. The thief’s desire to steal is not diminished by the presence of the police officer but the _______________ for successful theft is.          

A. ambition                          

B. feeling          

C. intention          

D. opportunity                                         


Answer: A



6. Graduates of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are automatically appointed to the rank of:          

A. Lieutenant Colonel                 

B. Lieutenant          

C. Master Sergeant         

D. Captain                                    


Answer: C



7. PNP in-service training programs are under the responsibility of the:          

A. PNP Directorate for Plans          

B. PNP Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development          

C. PNP Directorate for Personnel and Records Management          

D. PNP Directorate for Comptrollership          


Answer: C



8. One way of extending the power of police observation is to get information from persons within the vicinity. In the police work, this is called:          

A. data gathering                       

B. field inquiry          

C. interrogation          

D. interview   

                                          

Answer: B



9. Dogs have an acute sense of _______________ thus, their utilization in tracking down lost persons or illegal drugs.          

A. smell                              

B. hearing          

C. eating          

D. drinking                                              


Answer: A



10. Intelligence on _________________ makes heavy use of geographic information because law enforcement officials must know the exact locations to interdict the flow of drugs.          

A. Logistics                          

B. Human Cargo Trafficking          

C. Narcotics Trafficking          

D. Economic resources                              


Answer: C



11. Which of the following is most ideally suited to evacuation and search-and-rescue duties?          

A. motorcycle                          

B. helicopter                  

C. patrol car          

D. bicycle                                               


Answer: B



12. Police are considered servants of the community. 

A. Continental Theory

B. Home Rule Theory

C. Confederate Theory

D. Anglo-Saxon Theory


Answer: B



13. Policemen are considered servants of a higher authority.

A. Continental Theory

B. Home Rule

C. Confederate Theory

D. Anglo-Saxon Theory


Answer: A



14. It is the right to direct, command, and control the behavior of the employees by the senior officer by rank and position.

A. Coordination

B. Doctrine

C. Authority

D. Consultation


Answer: C



15. It defines an unbroken chain or scale of units from top to bottom, describing the flow of authority explicitly.

A. Unity of Command

B. Principle of Unity of Objective

C. Principle of Organizational Efficiency

D. Scalar Principle


Answer: D



16. This relates to the number of subordinates a superior can effectively supervise. 

A. Delegation of Authority

B. Unity Of Command

C. Span of Control

D. Scalar Principle


Answer: C



17. It is the hierarchy through which the primary functions of the organization are performed.

A. Delegation of Authority

B. Unity of Command

C. Span of Control 

D. Chain of Command


Answer: D



18. It defines a hierarchical system in which a subordinate is accountable to one and only one immediate superior. 

A. Delegation of Authority

B. Unity of Command

C. Span of Control 

D. Chain of Command


Answer: B



19. A method of collection of information wherein the investigator tails or follows the person or vehicle.          

A. research                          

B. undercover operation          

C. casing          

D. surveillance                                         


Answer: C



20. This is a person who does detective work for hire, reward, or commission, other than members of the AFP, BJMP, provincial guards, PNP, or any law enforcement agency of the government.          

A. Secret Agent                          

B. “Tiktik”          

C. Private detective          

D. Undercover                                         


Answer: C



21. The uprightness in character, soundness of moral principles, honesty, and freedom from moral delinquencies are referred to as          

A. integrity                          

B. loyalty                              

C. discretion          

D. moral                                                 


Answer: A



22. Going east while foot patrolling and turning right after reaching the end of your beat, turning right after reaching the other end of the road, and again turning right until you complete the cycle by reaching back to your origin of patrolling. What patrol pattern have you applied?          

A. clockwise                           

B. straightway          

C. counter-clockwise          

D. free-wheeling                                      


Answer: A



23. Which theory of patrol states that police visibility increases the opportunity to apprehend criminals by soothing them and letting them believe that their crimes will not be detected?          

A. low profile theory              

B. high visibility              

C. theory of omnipresence          

D. team policing                                       


Answer: A



24. Without Air Force capability, a patrol operation that covers large park areas, grassy fields, or wooded areas requires the use of           

A. bike patrol                          

B. horse patrol          

C. marine patrol          

D. helicopter patrol                                   


Answer: B



25. Which of the following refers to long-range planning?          

A. Intermediate                          

B. Strategic          

C. Medium          

D. short                                                  


Answer: B



26. The operational plan, which is designed to meet everyday or year-round needs, is called          

A. meeting unusual needs                  

B. extra office              

C. regular operating programs          

D. special operating programs                      


Answer: C



27. Which of the following is the oldest type of patrol?          

A. horse                                  

B. foot          

C. canine          

D. police                                                 


Answer: B



28. The act of expelling a squatter by the legal process is called:          

A. demolition                          

B. squadron          

C. eviction          

D. tear down                                           


Answer: C



29. The Philippines may refuse an extradition request based on which of the following grounds?

A. Crime is money laundering

B. Crime is political in nature

C. Crime is terrorism

D. Crime is drug trafficking


Answer: B



30. It is a formal process where one jurisdiction surrenders an individual to another jurisdiction where that person is accused or convicted of a crime. 

A. Deportation

B. Extradition

C. Expulsion

D. Repatriation


Answer: B



31. The Extradition process generally begins when a foreign country requests the extradition of an individual located in the Philippines. This request is sent to what department of government?

A. DOJ

B. DFA

C: RTC

D. NBI


Answer: DFA



32. The extradition request is sent to the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA), which then forwards it to which department of government for evaluation? 

A. DOJ

B. Court of Appeals

C: Regional Trial Court

D. Supreme Court


Answer: A



33. If the DOJ finds the extradition request to be in order, it will file a petition for extradition with which department of government?

A. Municipal Trial Court

B. Court of Appeals

C: Regional Trial Court

D. Supreme Court


Answer: C



34. The Philippines receives the most extradition requests from what country?

A. US

B. Australia

C. China

D. India


Answer: A



35. Is Bail as a matter of right applicable in Extradition cases?

A. Yes

B. No

C. It depends

D. Yes, with conditions


Answer: B



36. The Philippines has an extradition treaty with the following countries, except:

A. Micronesia

B. Switzerland

C. Russia

D. Germany


Answer: D



37. All but one are the primary line operations in a police organization          

A. patrol                          

B. records          

C. investigation          

D. traffic                                                


Answer: C



38. A police strategy that aims to directly involve community members in the maintenance of peace and order by police officers.          

A. Integrated Police System                  

B. Comparative Police System            

C. Police Visibility          

D. Community Oriented Policing System (COPS)                                                                         


Answer: D 



39. No person in an organization can do all the tasks necessary for accomplishing group objectives.  Also, no one should exercise all the authority for making decisions. This refers to           

A. chain of command                  

B. command responsibility             

C. unity of command          

D. delegation of authority                          


Answer: D



40. Under RA 6975, a police officer is entitled to a longevity pay equivalent to how many percent (%) of his monthly basic salary for every five years of service, to be reckoned from the date of his original appointment in the police, fire, jail, or other allied services?            

A. 2 percent                                    

B. 5 percent          

C. 10 percent          

D. 15 percent                                          


Answer: C



41. This term refers to the period when a police officer is actively engaged in the performance of his duty.

A. off duty                    

B. off limits             

C. on call          

D. on duty                                              


Answer: D



42. What is the principle of organization suggesting that communication should ordinarily go upward and downward through established channels in the hierarchy?          

A. Chain of Command                      

B. Span of Control          

C. Unity of Command          

D. Delegation of Authority                          


Answer: A



43. It is the central receiving entity for any citizen’s complaint against the members and officers of the PNP.           

A. DILG                             

B. NAPOLCOM            

C. PLEB          

D. IAS                                                   


Answer: C



44. Which of the following laws established the Police Organization under the DILG?          

A. R.A. 5487                      

B. R.A. 8551          

C. R.A. 1174          

D. R.A. 6975                                         


Answer: D



45. Who is the most important officer in the police organization?               

A. investigator          

B. patrol officer          

C. traffic officer          

D. The Chief of Police 


Answer: B



46. The act of temporarily denying an officer the privilege of performing his police duties in consequence of an offense and violation of rules and regulations.          

A.    dismissal                              

B.    restriction                      

C.    suspension          

D.    reprimand                                            


Answer: C



47. The credential extended by the Civil Service Commission/National Police Commission for the purpose of conferring status for permanent appointment in the police service.          

A. police credibility                   

B. police eligibility              

C. Criminology Board Examination          

D. police patrol examination                                                 


Answer: B



48. In the history of our police force, who was the first Director General of the Philippine National Police (PNP)?           

A. Gen. Cesar Nazareno                      

B. Gen. Raul Imperial 

C. Gen. Umberto Rodriquez         

D. Gen. Recaredo Sarmiento                       


Answer: A



49. The premier educational institution for the training, human resource development, and continuing education of all the personnel of BJMP, BFP, and PNP.           

A. PNPA                              

B. PCCR               

C. PNTC          

D. PPSC                                                 


Answer: D



50. Under the law, the city jail warden should have a rank of _______.          

A. Inspector                            

B. Chief Inspector            

C. Senior Inspector          

D. Superintendent                                    


Answer: B



51. The required rank for the Chief of BJMP.            

A. Chief Superintendent                 

B. Director  General             

C. Director          

D. Deputy Director General                         


Answer: C



52. It exercises supervision and control over the provincial jails.           

A. BJMP            

B. Bureau of  Prisons             

C. Department of Justice          

D. Provincial Government                          


Answer:  D



53. The required rank for the head of the Fire Bureau.           

A.    Chief Superintendent                      

B.    Director General              

C.    Director          

D.    Deputy Director General                         


Answer: C



54. It exercises supervision and control over all city and municipal jails.           

A. BJMP                          

B. Bureau of Prisons               

C. Department of Justice          

D. Local Government                                


Answer: A


55. The annual reservation percentage quota for women in the PNP.          

A.    25%                            

B.    5%              

C.    10%          

D.    20%                                                   


Answer: C



56. Any uniformed personnel of the BFP and the BJMP who have not been promoted for a continuous period of how many years before separated or retired from the service, except for those who are occupying a third-level position.

A. 5 years

B. 10 years

C. 15 years

D. 3 years


Answer: B



57. Any uniformed personnel of the BFP and the BJMP who has not been promoted for a continuous period of how many years before separated or retired from the service, except for those who are occupying a third-level position.

A. 5 years

B. 10 years

C. 15 years

D. 3 years


Answer: B



58. Which of the following administers and attends to cases involving crimes against chastity?           

A. CIDG                              

B. DSWD           

C. Women’s Desk          

D. Homicide Division                               


Answer: C



59. They are automatically deputized as NAPOLCOM representatives to exercise supervision and control over PNP units.            

A. Chief of Police                       

B. Judges                  

C. Local Government Executives          

D. Fiscals                                                


Answer: C



60. They have the authority to recommend to the Provincial Director the transfer, and reassignment of PNP members outside of their town residences.           

A. Regional Directors                   

B. Priests            

C. Chiefs of Police          

D. Mayors   

                                            

Answer: D



61. The head of a local peace and order council is the _______.           

A. judge                              

B. chief of police             

C. mayor          

D. governor                                             


Answer: C



62. The utilization of units or elements, of the PNP for the purpose of protection of lives and properties, enforcement of laws, and maintenance of peace and order.           

A. employment                           

B. deployment              

C. assignment          

D. designation                                         


Answer: A



63. The orderly and organized physical movement of elements or units of the PNP.          

A. employment                      

B. deployment                   

C. assignment          

D. designation                                          


Answer: B



64. One of the following exercises controls and supervision over the PNP units during elections.          

A.    NBI                      

B.    Ombudsman          

C.    COMELEC              

D.    DILG                                                  


Answer: C



65. The number of eligible for which the Regional Director may recommend for Provincial Director to the governor is _______.           

A. 2                     

B. 3             

C. 5          

D. 4                                                       


Answer: B



66. Under the law, Which has primary responsibility on matters involving the suppression of insurgency.

A. AFP

B. PNP

C. Both AFP and PNP

D. Philippine Marines


Answer: A



67. There are four regular commissioners of the NAPOLCOM. How many of them should come from the private sector?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4


Answer: C



68. Registration of a security agency as a corporation must be processed at what particular government agency.             

A. PNP SAGSD             

B. NAPOLCOM              

C. DND            

D. SEC                                                   


Answer: D



69. Minimum age requirement for security manager or operator of a security agency.             

A. 25 years old             

B. 30 years old             

C. 35 years old             

D. 40 years old                                      


Answer: A




70. He exercises the power to revoke for cause licenses issued to security guards.             

A. Chief PNP             

B. DILG Usec             

C. NAPOLCOM chairman             

D. DILG Secretary                                  


Answer: A



71. Refers to a natural or man-made structure that is capable of delaying illegal access to the facility.             

A. Wall             

B. Fence             

C. Barriers             

D. Beach fronts                                      


Answer: C



72. It refers to means and ways that personnel and employees make their security conscious.             

A. Security Promotion             

B. Security Education             

C. Security Investigation 

D. Security Seminar                                


Answer: B



73. Industrial management must establish the first line of physical defense, it refers to             

A. Perimeter barriers             

B. The building itself             

C. Door, Locks, Window barriers             

D. Entry points where security guards are located        


Answer: A



74. Physical security is a system of barriers placed between the potential intruder and the object matter to be protected. As criminologists, this is simply a denial of             

A. Opportunity to commit the offense             

B. Opportunity to the object of protection             

C. Access to the object of protection             

D. Criminal instinct to surface in the potential offender 


Answer: C



75. The weakest link in the security chain.             

A. Security Guards             

B. Manager             

C. Barriers             

D. Personnel                                          


Answer: D



76. Perimeter barriers, protective lighting, and ______ system are known in industrial security as physical security.             

A. Guarding             

B. Reporting             

C. Relieving             

D. Accounting  

                                       

Answer: A



77. This is an additional outward inclined fixed structure, usually barbed wires placed above a vertical fence to increase physical protection from intruders of a certain area, this is known as             

A. Cellar Guard             

B. Tower Guard             

C. Top Guard             

D. Top Tower                                          


Answer: C



78. The exterior and interior parallel area near the perimeter barrier of an industrial compound to afford better observation  and patrol movement is known as             

A. Protective zone             

B. Clear zone             

C. Twilight zone             

D. Patrol lane zone                                 


Answer: B



79. Protective guarding in a compound can be done by the use of electronic hardware, human guards, and even animals. In  England, an owner protects his compound using this, and they are not only effective but also the cheapest to maintain. This man is using             

A. Doberman             

B. Tame Tigers             

C. Geese             

D. Duck                                                   


Answer: C



80. The government agency that issues licenses for private and government security guards is             

A. PNP SOSIA             

B. Mayors office             

C. PNP FEO             

D. PNP SAGSD    

                                    

Answer: D



81. If access is limited only to authorized personnel, this particular place is referred to as             

A. Compromise area             

B. Restricted area             

C. Danger area             

D. Exclusive area    

                                

Answer: B



82. The first measure undertaken before a comprehensive security program for an industrial plan could be developed.             

A. Security Education             

B. Security check             

C. Security survey             

D. Security Inspection                           


Answer: C



83. The security of a plant or industrial firm is also known by other  terms except             

A. Robbery evaluation             

B. Vulnerability             

C. Risk Assessment             

D. Security Audit   

                                 

Answer: B



84. Today, there are 3 categories of security guards belonging to the blue army.             

A. Government security guards             

B. Company guards             

C. Agency guards             

D. Bodyguards                                      


Answer: D



85. Whether to put up its own security guard, organic to the firm, or hire contractual agency guards has its individual merits and disadvantages. To determine which type of guarding system an industrial firm will require, management must consult              

A. A security consultant not connected to or owning a security agency             

B. A military intelligence officer             

C. A police officer             

D. A security agency owner                   


Answer: A



86. As a security officer, you can not prevent nor protect against natural hazards like storms, earthquakes, floods, and the like. To reduce the disastrous effects of these natural hazards, you will             

A. Call PAGASA and inquire when the next storm is coming             

B. Alert your guards when hazards occur             

C. Not take any concern of such hazards             

D. Prepare a disaster or emergency plan for these hazards for the firm           


Answer: D



87. A practical exercise or test of a plan or activity to determine its effectiveness is called             

A. Sham drill             

B. Fire drill             

C. Dry run             

D. Evacuation plan                                


Answer: C



88. It is the office primarily responsible for the issuance of licenses to and the regulation of PSPs, PSTAs, CGFs, and GSFs.

A. SAGSD

B. SOSIA

C. Civil Security Unit

D. SEC


Answer: B



89. Which principle of policing is attributed to Sir Robert Peel, the Father of Modern Policing?

A. The police are the military

B. The police are the public

C. The police are the masters

D. The police are the state


Answer: B. Peel's primary philosophy was that the police are the public and the public are the police, emphasizing community cooperation. This principle underpins community policing and accountability.



90. It is also called the "scalar-type" organization since an order or command can be carried out only when it comes from a higher level of authority.

A. Line Organization 

B. Functional Organization

C. Staff Organization

D. Line and Staff organization


Answer: A. A Line Organization (also known as a scalar, direct, or military-type organization) is the simplest and oldest form of structure. Authority flows directly downwards in a clear chain of command, where subordinates receive orders exclusively from their immediate superior.



91. The process through which intelligence is obtained, produced, and made available to users is known as:

A. Intelligence Plan

B. Intelligence Cycle

C. Intelligence Estimate

D. Prediction


Answer: B. The Intelligence Cycle is the standardized process consisting of several phases (Direction/Planning, Collection, Processing/Evaluation, and Dissemination) through which raw information is gathered, converted into actionable intelligence, and delivered to decision-makers.



92. Which phase of the intelligence cycle involves the transformation of raw information into a form that can be readily analyzed?

A. Collection

B. Processing

C. Integration

D. Dissemination


Answer: B. During the Processing phase (often referred to as Processing and Exploitation), raw data and collected information are converted into a usable format—through collation, evaluation, indexing, and translation—so it can be systematically analyzed.



93. The accomplishment of the purpose of patrol, crime prevention, traffic, and vice can be found in:

A. Management Plan

B. Tactical Plan

C. Operational Plan

D. Extra-Departmental Plan


Answer: C. Operational Plans guide the primary field activities and routines of a law enforcement organization. They focus on carrying out core duties such as patrol work, crime prevention, traffic enforcement, and vice control to achieve the operational goals of the agency.



94. It is also called the "scalar-type" organization since an order or command can be carried out only when it comes from a higher level of authority

A. Line Organization 

B. Functional Organization

C. Staff Organization

D. Line and Staff organization


Answer: A. A Line Organization (also known as a scalar, direct, or military-type organization) is the simplest and oldest form of structure. Authority flows directly downwards in a clear chain of command, where subordinates receive orders exclusively from their immediate superior.



95. The process through which intelligence is obtained, produced and made available to users is known as:

A. Intelligence Plan

B. Intelligence Cycle

C. Intelligence Estimate

D. Prediction


Answer: B. The Intelligence Cycle is the standardized process consisting of several phases (Direction/Planning, Collection, Processing/Evaluation, and Dissemination) through which raw information is gathered, converted into actionable intelligence, and delivered to decision-makers.



96. Which phase of the intelligence cycle involves the transformation of raw information into a form that can be readily analyzed?

A. Collection

B. Processing

C. Integration

D. Dissemination


Answer: B. During the Processing phase (often referred to as Processing and Exploitation), raw data and collected information are converted into a usable format—through collation, evaluation, indexing, and translation—so it can be systematically analyzed.



97. The accomplishment of the purpose of patrol, crime prevention, traffic, and vice can be found in:

A. Management Plan

B. Tactical Plan

C. Operational Plan

D. Extra-Departmental Plan


Answer: C. Operational Plans guide the primary field activities and routines of a law enforcement organization. They focus on carrying out core duties such as patrol work, crime prevention, traffic enforcement, and vice control to achieve the operational goals of the agency.



98. Which non-stock organization, formed in 1958, crafted the bill that became known today as the “Private Security Agency Law”?  

A. PNP SOSIA

B. PC-INP SUSIA

C. PADPAO

D. PNP SAGSG


Answer: C. The Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators (PADPAO) was instrumental in drafting the bill that became Republic Act No. 5487, the Private Security Agency Law.


Republic Act No. 11917, known as the Private Security Services Industry Act, which was enacted on July 30, 2022. It repealed the previous long-standing Republic Act No. 5487 to modernize and professionalize the sector.


RA 5487 (1969) – Known as the Private Security Agency Law, regulating private detective and security guard agencies. PADPAO played a major role in its creation.


RA 6975 (1990) – Established the Philippine National Police under the DILG.


RA 8551 (1998) – The PNP Reform and Reorganization Act, further strengthened and reorganized the PNP.



99. Republic Act No. 6975, as amended by Republic Act No. 8551, established which agency under the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)?  

A. NBI

B. PDEA

C. PNP

D. BFP


Answer: C. The Philippine National Police was created under RA 6975 and reorganized by RA 8551 as a civilian, community-oriented police force under the DILG.



100. Which of the following is NOT one of the four major policing models commonly tested?

A. Traditional

B. Community-Oriented

C. Problem-Oriented

D. Dictatorial


Answer: D. Dictatorial. The recognized policing models are Traditional, Community-Oriented, Problem-Oriented, and Intelligence-Led. “Dictatorial” is not a legitimate policing model.


101. Security service contracts between private security agencies and clients must be:

A. Published

B. Printed

C. Typewritten

D. Notarized


Answer: D. Notarized. Under Philippine private security regulations, contracts between agencies and clients must be notarized to be legally binding. The other options (published, printed, typewritten) are not statutory requirements. 



102. Organization by ______ is applied when police units are scheduled to deploy maximum manpower during peak crime hours.

A. Purpose

B. Process

C. Clientele

D. Time


Answer: D. Time. Police organizations can be structured by purpose, process, clientele, or time. “By time” refers to scheduling manpower during peak crime hours, so your answer is correct.



103. Which international police organization facilitates cooperation among law enforcement agencies across more than 190 member countries?

A. ASEANAPOL

B. INTERPOL

C. EUROPOL

D. ICPO


Answer: B. INTERPOL (or D. ICPO). INTERPOL is formally the International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO). Both INTERPOL and ICPO refer to the same entity. On exams, INTERPOL is the standard accepted answer, but technically D is also correct.


Law Enforcement Organization And Administration Review Questions 1








Law Enforcement Administration Review Questions 3

1. The book of records, public records, which every police station/officer is mandated to possess for future reference.

A. Police blotter

B. Police report

C. Police handbook

D. Blotter


Answer: A



2. S.M.E.A.C in arrest abbreviation, what is M.E.A?

A. Management, Exercise, Action

B. Mission, Execution, Administration/Equipment

C. Must, Exercise, Action

D. Management, Execution, Administration


Answer: B



3. The National flag shall also be flown at half-mast during calamities or tragedies as ordered by the ...

A. Congress

B. Office of the President

C. DILG Secretary

D. AFP Chief


Answer: B



4. Clear Zone of ________ must be established between the perimeter barrier and structure within the protected areas.

A. 20 feet or more 

B. 40 feet or more 

C. 30 feet or more

D. 50 feet or more



5. Before private security agencies render security services to their clients, there must be a contract that binds them, which is called

A. Contract service

B. Service contract

C. Security contract

D. Security service contract 


Answer: D



6. Which of the following is a qualification for the operator or manager of a security agency?

A. Commissioned officer of AFP or PNP, inactive or retired

B. At least 25 years of age

C. Filipino citizen

D. All of them 


Answer: D



7. A security force maintained and operated by any private company for its own security requirements only.

A. Insular security force

B. Company security force

C. Government security unit

D. Private security unit 


Answer: B



8. A person who offers or renders personal services to watch or secure a residence, business establishment, or both is

A. Watchman

B. Security guard

C. B only

D. B and A 


Answer: D



9. Include all the security measures designed to prevent unsuitable individuals or persons of doubtful loyalty to the government from gaining access to classified matters or to any security facility and to prevent appointment or retention as employees of such individuals.

A. Security personnel

B. Employee security

C. Personnel security

D. Both A and C 


Answer: C



10. It is an inquiry into the character, reputation, discretion, and loyalty of an individual to determine a person's suitability to be given security clearance.

A. BI

B. LAC

C. NAC

D. PSI 


Answer: D



11. Consists of the investigation of the background of an individual, but is limited only to some of the circumstances of his personal life that are deemed pertinent to the investigation.

A. PSI

B. PBI

C. CBI

D. BI 


Answer: B



12. A thorough and complete investigation of all or some of the circumstances or aspects of a person's life is conducted.

A. PSI

B. PBI

C. CBI 

D. BI 


Answer: D



13. Among the following, which is the least expensive and least secure personnel control identification system?

A. Multiple pass system

B. Group pass and badge system

C. Spot magnetized identification pass

D. Single pass or badge system 


Answer: D



14. Factors considered in background investigation, except:

A. Integrity

B. Character

C. Personal prestige 

D. Loyalty 


Answer: C



15. Motives that cause people to be disloyal

A. Character

B. Revenge

C. Moral

D. Reputation 


Answer: B



16. Weakness that makes people susceptible to pressure

A. Jealousy

B. Weakness of character

C. Close relative in a foreign land

D. All of them 


Answer: D



17. A security unit maintained and operated by any government entity.

A. Insular security force

B. Company security force

C. Government security unit

D. Private security agency 


Answer: C



18. Consists of the investigation of the background of a person, particularly all the circumstances of his personal life

A. PSI

B. PBI

C. CBI

D. BI 


Answer: C



19. Any person, association, partnership, firm, or private corporation that contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes, or posts any security guards to do its functions.

A. Insular security force

B. Company security force

C. Government security unit

D. Private security agency 


Answer: D



20. Shall be responsible to the detachment commander as far as his shift is concerned.

A. Officer in charge

B. Shift in charge

C. Security guard on duty

D. Assistant detachment commander 


Answer: B



21. Before a security guard can practice his profession, he shall possess a valid security license. What is this license?

A. Firearm license

B. License to operate

C. Driver's license

D. Security guard license 


Answer: D



22. How many firearms issued for every two guards employed by the security agency is allowed by law?

A. 4

B. 3

C. 2

D. 1 


Answer: D



23. Firearms of security agencies should be covered with a firearms license issued by the PNP through its Firearm Explosive Division under the civil security group, renewable every

A. 4 years

B. 3 years

C. 2 years

D. 1 year 


Answer: D



24. The aspect of security that involves the application of security measures for the protection and safeguarding of classified information

A. Top secret

B. Information security

C. Personnel security

D. Documents security 


Answer: D



25. Refers to the assigned information by one of the four classification categories

A. Reclassify

B. Classified

C. Declassify

D. Security clearance 


Answer: B



26. Refers to the administrative determination that an individual is eligible for access to classified matter.

A. Reclassify

B. Classified

C. Declassify

D. Security clearance 


Answer: D



27. This means loss of security, which results from an unauthorized person obtaining knowledge of classified matter.

A. Vulnerability 

B. Criticality

C. probability

D. Compromise 


Answer: D



28. These are information and material, the unauthorized disclosure of which would cause exceptionally grave damage to the nation, politically, economically, or from a security aspect, this category is reserved for the nation's closest secret and is to be used with great reserve.

A. Restricted matters

B. Secret matters

C. Confidential matters

D. Top secret matters 


Answer: D



29. This information and material, the authorized disclosure of which would endanger national security, cause serious injury to the interest or prestige of the nation or of any governmental activity, or would be of great advantage to a foreign nation.

A. Restricted matters

B. Secret matters

C. Confidential matters

D. Top secret matters 


Answer: B



30. This information and material, the unauthorized disclosure of which, while not endangering the national security, would be prejudicial to the interest or prestige of the nation or any government activity, would cause administrative embarrassment or unwarranted injury to an individual, or would be of advantage to a foreign nation.

A. Restricted matters

B. Secret matters

C. Confidential matters

D. Top secret matters 


Answer: C



31. It is information that in some special way relates to the status or activities of the possessor and over which the possessor asserts ownership.

A. Transmission security

B. Trade secret

C. Patents

D. Proprietary information 


Answer: D



32. It may be a formula for a chemical compound, a process of manufacturing, treating, or preserving materials, a pattern for a machine or device, or a list of customers.

A. Transmission security

B. Trade secret

C. Patents

D. Proprietary information 


Answer: B



33. It is the protection resulting from the application of various measures that prevent or delay the enemy or unauthorized persons from gaining information through communication.

A. Transmission security

B. Cryptographic security

C. Communication Security

D. All of the above 


Answer: C



34. That component of communication security results from the provisions of technically sound cryptosystems and their proper use.

A. Transmission security

B. Cryptographic security

C. Communication Security

D. All of the above 


Answer: B



35. A system that uses words as the smallest element.

A. Transposition system

B. Code

C. Concealment

D. Cipher 


Answer: B



36. A system that manipulates 1,2 or 3 characters at a time.

A. Transposition system

B. Code

C. Concealment

D. Cipher 


Answer: D



37. It is the potential damage or loss of an asset.

A. Adversary

B. Risk

C. Security hazard

D. Criticality 


Answer: B



38. It is the impact of a loss as measured in financial terms.

A. Adversary

B. Risk

C. Security hazard

D. Criticality 


Answer: D



39. Eliminating or removing the risk totally from the business, government, or industrial environment for which the risk manager has responsibility.

A. Risk self-assumption

B. Risk spreading

C. Risk avoidance

D. Risk avoidance 


Answer: C



40. It is an act of spying.

A. Saboteur

B. Espionage

C. pilferer

D. Sabotage 


Answer: B



41. It is one of the most annoying and common human hazards that security has to deal with.

A. Casual pilferage

B. Systematic pilferage

C. Pilferage

D. None of the above 


Answer: C



42. One who steals with pre-conceived plans and always takes any or all types of items or supplies for economic gain.

A. Casual pilferage

B. Systematic pilferage

C. Pilferage

D. None of the above 


Answer: B



43. What date is the Republic Act No. 5487, or the private security agency law, passed?

A. June 13, 1999

B. June 13, 1969

C. June 7, 2009

D. June 31, 1969 


Answer: B



44. A natural hazard or act of god.

A. Calamity

B. Phenomenon

C. Disaster

D. Force majeure 


Answer: D



45. A restricted area where visitors are limited in movement and are usually escorted.

A. Exclusive area

B. Limited area

C. Restricted area

D. Protected area 


Answer: B



46. A structure placed above a vertical fence to increase protection from intruders.

A. Guardhouse

B. Clear zone

C. Tower guard

D. Top guard 


Answer: D



47. A conference similar to an entrance conference is only done after the completion of the security survey.

A. Entrance conference

B. Briefing

C. Debriefing

D. Exit conference 


Answer: D



48. It is the loss that would be sustained if a given target or combination of targets were totally removed, destroyed, or both.

A. Risk Reduction

B. Probable maximum loss

C. Risk transfer

D. Possible maximum loss 


Answer: D



49. Refers to the amount of loss a target would be likely to sustain through theft and robbery.

A. Risk Reduction

B. Probable maximum loss

C. Risk transfer

D. Possible maximum loss 


Answer: B



50. A term used in England for lock pickers, safe crackers, and penetrators of restricted rooms or areas.

A. Superman

B. Peterpan

C. Batman 

D. Peterman 


Answer: D



51. The badge or pass coded for authorization to enter specific areas is issued to an employee who keeps it in his possession until his authorization terminates.

A. Pass system

B. Pass exchange system

C. Single-pass system

D. Multi-pass system 


Answer: C



52. Company-owned alarm system with a unit in the nearest police station, so that in case of need, a direct call is possible.

A. Auxiliary alarm

B. Proprietary system

C. Local alarm system

D. Central station station system 


Answer: A



53. The system consists of ringing up a visual or audible alarm system near the object to be protected.

A. Auxiliary alarm

B. Proprietary system

C. Local alarm system

D. Central station system 


Answer: C



54. The required age for the grant of a waiver of the age requirement for initial appointment in the PNP is

A. not below 25 nor over 35 years of age

B. not below 20 nor over 35 years of age   

C. less than 25 but not more than 32 years of age

D. more than 22 but less than 32 years of age


Answer: B



55. Anybody who will enter the PNP service without a baccalaureate degree shall be given a maximum period of

A. 3 years to comply with the education qualification

B. 4 years to comply with the education qualification 

C. 5 years to comply with the education qualification

D. 6 years to comply with the education qualification 


Answer: B



56. Under RA 8551, any PNP personnel who have not been promoted for a continuous service period shall be retired or separated if the said period of non-promotion is gained within:

A. 20 yrs

B. 10 yrs   

C. 18 months

D. none of these 


Answer: B



57. The power to direct or oversee the day-to-day functions of police investigation of crime, crime  prevention activities, and traffic control by the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission is

A. Employment

B. Planning

C. Operational Supervision

D. Deployment


Answer: C



58. Governors and mayors, upon having been elected and having qualified as such, are automatically deputized as representatives of the  

A. NAPOLCOM

B. DND

C. PLEB   

D. None of the above


Answer: A



59. As a police officer, he/she should live a decent and virtuous life to serve as an example to others. This statement is part of the:

A. PNP Code of Covenant

B. Policeman’s Code

C. Police Officer’s Creed

D. All of the above


Answer: C



60. A Private Security Agency shall not employ more than How many private security professionals?

A. 1,000

B. 2,000

C. 3,000

D. 4,000


Answer: B



61. A person can escape from the scene of the accident on one of the following grounds:

A. The offense committed is serious

B. bringing the person to your custody

C. Bring the suspect before the court to answer a charge of violation

D. if the person is in imminent danger


Answer: D



62. In arresting the traffic violator or when it involves arrest due to a traffic violation, the following procedures are followed, except:

A. Bring the suspended person before the court

B. Detention of the arrested person may take place

C. arrest can be effected even without a warrant

D. impose the probable penalty that might be imposed  


Answer: D  



63. A single uninterrupted line of authority represented by box lines of the organizational chart should run in order by rank from top command to the level of the organization.

A. organizational control

B. scalar chain

C. administrative control

D. span of control


Answer:  B



64. The amount and nature of the demands of the police service         

A. Clientele         

B. Purpose         

C. Time         

D. Process 


Answer: C



65. The PNP has a program that ensures the deployment of policemen in busy and crime-prone areas. This is called          

A. patrol deployment program          

B. roving patrol program          

C. patrol and visibility program          

D. police patrol program


Answer: C



66. All regional appointments of commissioned PNP officers commence with the rank of:            

A. Police Master Sergeant         

B. Police Lieutenant         

C. Police Staff Sergeant         

D. Police Captain


Answer: B



67. In busy and thickly populated commercial streets like those in Divisoria, police patrol is very necessary.  Since there are several types of patrol, which of the following will you recommend?          

A. Horse patrol          

B. Mobile patrol          

C. Foot patrol          

D. Helicopter patrol


Answer: C



68. It is the product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of all available information that concerns one or more aspects of criminal activity and which is immediately or potentially significant to policy planning.          

A. Investigation                  

B. Information          

C. Data          

D. intelligence


Answer: D



69. These are work programs of line divisions which related to the nature and extent of the workload and the availability of resources.          

A. administrative plan                      

B. operational plan          

C. strategic plan          

D. tactical plan


Answer: B



70. It is the premier educational institution for the police, fire, and jail personnel.          

A. Philippine Military Academy          

B. Development Academy of the Philippines          

C. Philippine College of Criminology           

D. Philippine Public Safety College 


Answer: D



71. A SOCO crew, which is assigned to a team, usually consists of           

A. a driver, specialist, and intelligence agent          

B. a driver, evidence custodian, and traffic man          

C. a driver, a traffic man, and a recorder          

D. a driver, team leader, and technicians


Answer: D



72. An industrial complex must establish its first line of physical defense.  It must have           

A. the building itself                      

B. perimeter barriers          

C. communication barriers          

D. window barriers 


Answer: B



73. Highest-ranked enlisted personnel of the PNP.

A. Police Staff Sergeant

B. Police Corporal

C. Police Chief Master Sergeant

D. Police Executive Master Sergeant


Answer: D



74. All of the following are members of the People’s Law Enforcement Board (PLEB), EXCEPT:       

A. Three (3) members chosen by the Peace and Order Council from among the respected members of the community.      

B. Any barangay Captain of the city/municipality concerned chosen by the association of the Barangay Captains.          

C. Any member of the Sangguniang Panglungsod/Pambayan          

D. A bar member chosen by the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP)


Answer: D



75. It is the circumspect inspection of a place to determine its suitability for a particular operational purpose.          

A. Inspection                  

B. Surveillance          

C. Survey          

D. Casing                                                 


Answer: C



76. In the civil service system, merit and fitness are the primary considerations in the           

A. two-party system              

B. evaluation system          

C. promotional system          

D. spoils the system                                       


Answer: C



77. The compulsory retirement for PNP non-uniformed personnel shall be upon the attainment of 

A. 55 years of age

B. 56 years of age

C. 60 years of age

D. 65 years of age                                                                            


Answer: D



78. It is a natural or man-made structure or physical device that is capable of restricting, determining, or delaying illegal access to an installation.          

A. alarm                              

B. wall              

C. barrier          

D. hazard                                                 


Answer: C



79. What form of intelligence is involved when information is obtained without the knowledge of the person against whom the information or documents may be used, or if the information is clandestinely acquired?          

A.    covert                           

B.    overt              

C.    active          

D.    underground                                        


Answer: A



80. The provincial Governor shall choose the provincial Director from a list of _______ eligible recommended by the Regional Director, preferably from the same province, city, or municipality.             

A.    three (3)              

B.    five (5)          

C.    four (4)                                                    

D.    Two (2)                                              


Answer: A



81. Republic Act 6975 provides that, on average nationwide, the manning levels of the PNP shall be approximately by a police-to-population ratio of:          

A. one (1) policeman for every 700 inhabitants.          

B. one (1) policeman for every 1,500 inhabitants.          

C. one (1) policeman for every 500 inhabitants.          

D. one (1) policeman for every one thousand (1,000) inhabitants.                                        


Answer: C



82. In disaster control operations, there is a need to establish a _______ where telephones or any means of communication shall ensure open lines of communication.          

A. command post                      

B. operations center          

C. field room  

D. None of these                                               


Answer: A



83. A claim for permanent total disability or death benefits of a PNP member shall be filed with the Office of the 

A. Any of the regional offices of the NAPOLCOM.

B. Chief PNP

C. PNP Regional Director

D. PNP Legal Office


Answer: A



84. The cheapest form of police patrol.          

A.    Bicycle Patrol          

B.    Foot Patrol          

C.    Motorcycle Patrol          

D.    Helicopter Patrol                                   


Answer: B



85. The budget is a _______ in terms of expenditure requirements.          

A. tactical plan    

B. financial plan              

C. work plan        

D. control plan                                             


Answer: B



86. Who among the following disciplinary authorities may impose demotion in rank as a punishment?

A. Chief of Police

B. PLEB

C. Mayor

D. Director of City Police Office


Answer: B


87. It is a police function that serves as the backbone of the police service. In all types of police stations, there is a specific unit assigned to undertake this function, given its importance.          

A. vice control                      

B. criminal investigation          

C. traffic management          

D. patrol                                                     


Answer: D



88. It is the weakest link in the security chain.          

A. Managers                          

B. Barriers          

C. Personnel          

D. inspections                                              


Answer: C



89. Who among the following has summary disciplinary powers over errant police members?          

A. District Director                      

B. Provincial Director          

C. Chief of Police          

D. Chief, PNP                                             


Answer: D



90. Which of the following is considered the most important factor in formulating an effective patrol strategy?          

A. Training of the station commander          

B. adequacy of resources of the police station          

C. rank of the patrol commander          

D. Salary rates of police personnel    

            

Answer: B



91. The investigation and hearing before the administrative disciplinary authorities and the IAS shall

be 

A. summary in nature 

B. dilatory in nature

C. exhaustive in nature

D. lengthy in nature


Answer: D



92. The father of organized military espionage was:          

A. Akbar

B. Alexander the Great             

C. Genghis Khan          

D. Frederick the Great  

                             

Answer: D



93. Which of the following is the most common reason why an informer can give information to the police?          

A. wants to be known to the policeman          

B. monetary reward          

C. as a good citizen          

D. revenge                                                 


Answer: B



94. To improve delegation, the following must be done, EXCEPT:          

A. Establish objectives and standards          

B. Count the number of supervisors          

C. require completed work          

D. Define authority and responsibility

           

Answer: C



95. It includes everything that is done contrary to justice, honesty, modesty, or good morals;

A. Moral Turpitude

B. Fraud

C. Morality

D. Unlawful


Answer: A



96. The period required by law to perform a specific act. 

A. Reglementary Period 

B. Mandatory Period

C. Compulsory period

D. None of these


Answer: A



97. You are the Patrol Supervisor for the morning shift. You don’t have enough men to cover all the patrol beats. Which of the following will you implement?          

A. assign roving mobile patrol with no foot patrol          

B. Assign mobile patrols only in strategic places          

C. Maintain your patrolmen at the station and just wait for calls for police assistance          

D. Assign foot patrol in congested and busy patrol beats, but assign a roving mobile patrol to cover beats that are not covered by foot patrol.             


Answer: B



98. The term used for the object of surveillance is a subject, while the investigator conducting the surveillance is:          

A. rabbit                              

B. surveillant          

C. traffic enforcement          

D. patrol                                                     


Answer: A



99. A PNP member or officer may be summarily dismissed from the service when absent without official leave for a continuous period of how many calendar days?

A. 15 days

B. 30 days

C. 60 days

D. 180 days


Answer: B



100. The National Appellate Board shall be composed of how many regular commissioners?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5 


Answer: C


Law Enforcement Administration Review Questions 4


Criminology Review Questions 1




Forensic Photography Review Questions 1

Forensic Photography Review Questions 1


1. What is photography?

A. The process of drawing with ink

B. The art and science of recording images using light

C. The process of making sculptures

D. The art of painting on canvas


Answer: B. Photography is the art and science of recording images using light. "Photography" literally translates to "drawing with light" (photo = light, graphy = drawing).



2. Which of the following is the most essential element in photography?

A. Color

B. Film

C. Light

D. Paper


Answer: C. Light is the fundamental element required to produce a photograph. Without light, a camera cannot record an image.



3. Which camera component controls the amount of light entering the lens?

A. Viewfinder

B. Aperture

C. Flash

D. Memory card


Answer: B. The aperture regulates the amount of light entering the camera. The aperture is the adjustable opening inside the lens that controls the volume of light entering.



4. What is the primary function of the shutter?

A. Focus the image

B. Store photographs

C. Control the duration of light exposure

D. Increase image color


Answer: C. The shutter determines how long light reaches the image sensor or film. The shutter acts as a curtain that opens and closes to control the duration (time) of the exposure.



5. Which camera setting affects the sensor's sensitivity to light?

A. White balance

B. ISO

C. Zoom

D. Contrast


Answer: B. ISO controls the camera sensor's sensitivity to light. Higher ISO values make the sensor more sensitive to available light (though it introduces digital noise/grain).



6. Which photographic principle refers to the sharpness of subjects at different distances?

A. Exposure

B. Perspective

C. Depth of field

D. Saturation


Answer: C. Depth of field is the range of acceptable sharpness in a photograph. Depth of field (DOF) determines how much of the image from foreground to background appears in focus.



7. Which factor is commonly known as the "third" element of the exposure triangle, along with aperture and shutter speed?

A. White balance

B. ISO

C. Focus

D. Flash power


Answer: B. ISO completes the exposure triangle with aperture and shutter speed. Aperture, shutter speed, and ISO together form the exposure triangle.



8. What is the primary purpose of focusing on photography?

A. Increase image brightness

B. Make the subject appear sharp and clear

C. Reduce image size

D. Add special effects


Answer: B. Proper focusing ensures the subject appears sharp. Focusing aligns the lens elements to make your target subject clear and sharp.



9. Which type of lens provides the widest angle of view?

A. Telephoto lens

B. Macro lens

C. Wide-angle lens

D. Standard lens


Answer: C. A wide-angle lens captures a broader field of view. Wide-angle lenses (and ultra-wides/fisheyes) capture a broad field of view compared to standard or telephoto lenses.



10. Which principle of composition divides the image into nine equal sections to help place the subject?

A. Leading lines

B. Framing

C. Rule of Thirds

D. Symmetry


Answer: C. The Rule of Thirds is a basic composition guideline used to create balanced and visually appealing photographs. The Rule of Thirds uses a 3x3 grid (creating nine equal sections) to guide subject placement along gridlines or intersections.


Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology Review Questions 1

Personal Identification Techniques Review Questions 1

 Personal Identification Techniques Review Questions 1


1. In the classification of a loop pattern, the examiner draws an imaginary line between the core and the delta and counts every ridge crossing this line. If the line touches a ridge precisely at its point of bifurcation, how many ridges should be counted?

A. One ridge

B. Two ridges

C. No ridge

D. Three ridges


Correct Answer: B. Two ridges

Explanation: Under standard fingerprint rules for ridge counting, if the imaginary line crosses or touches a bifurcation, both branches of the fork are counted, resulting in a count of two.


In fingerprint classification, when the imaginary line touches a bifurcation, both branches are counted. That’s why the ridge count is two, not one.



2. An examiner is analyzing a Plain Whorl pattern. While tracing the ridge originating from the left delta toward the right delta, the ridge suddenly terminates. What is the correct procedure for the examiner to follow?

A. Stop the tracing and classify it as a Meeting Whorl

B. Drop to the next ridge immediately below it and continue tracing

C. Move to the ridge immediately above it and continue tracing

D. Abort the tracing and perform ridge counting instead


Correct Answer: B. Drop to the next ridge immediately below it and continue tracing.

Explanation: In ridge tracing, when a ridge being traced ends or terminates, the examiner must drop down to the next continuous ridge directly below it and continue tracing toward the right delta.



3. When taking fingerprint samples from a suspect, the booking officer spreads a small amount of fingerprint ink across a glass slab. What is the main objective of using a roller to perform "slab rolling"?

A. To dry the ink quickly before application

B. To remove dirt and skin debris from the slab

C. To create a thin, uniform, and even film of ink

D. To permanently stain the glass for measurement consistency


Correct Answer: C. To create a thin, uniform, and even film of ink.

Explanation: Slab rolling ensures that the ink is evenly distributed across the surface. If the ink is too thick, it will blot the ridges; if it is too thin, the print will be faint.


4. In completing a fingerprint card, what is the primary purpose of recording the "plain impressions" or "plain impressing" at the bottom of the card?

A. To provide a backup in case the rolled impressions are destroyed by fire

B. To serve as a check to verify that the rolled prints were taken in their proper sequence

C. To measure the exact width of the suspect's palm

D. To capture the ridge details of the second phalanges


Correct Answer: B. To serve as a check to verify that the rolled prints were taken in their proper sequence.

Explanation: Plain impressions are taken simultaneously without rolling. They serve as a control mechanism to ensure that the individual rolled fingers were not accidentally placed in the wrong boxes on the card.



5. During the examination of a whorl pattern, a criminologist performs ridge tracing. The ridge traced from the left delta passes inside or above the right delta, and there are 4 intervening ridges counted between the tracing ridge and the right delta. What is the correct sub-classification of this whorl?

A. Outer Whorl (O)

B. Meeting Whorl (M)

C. Inner Whorl (I)

D. Central Pocket Loop Whorl


Correct Answer: C. Inner Whorl (I)

Explanation: If the ridge being traced passes inside (above) the right delta and there are three (3) or more intervening ridges, it is classified as an Inner Whorl (I). If it passed outside (below) with 3 or more ridges, it would be Outer (O). If there are 0, 1, or 2 intervening ridges, it is Meeting (M).



6. In the study of fingerprint identification, what is the technical term for the science of fingerprinting?

A. Poroscopy

B. Podoscopy

C. Chiroscopy

D. Dactyloscopy


Answer: D, Derived from the Greek words 'dactyl' (finger) and 'skopein' (to examine), this is the standard term for fingerprint identification. Dactyloscopy is the technical term for fingerprint identification. 


Poroscopy refers to the study of pores, podoscopy to feet, and chiroscopy to hands.


Forensic Photography Reviewer