Introduction to the Criminal Justice System Review Questions 1
Introduction to the Criminal Justice System Review Questions 1
1. A convicted offender is sentenced to a prison term ranging from 6 months and 1 day to 3 years. Under the current Philippine correctional setup, which entity has primary jurisdiction over the service of this sentence?
A. Provincial Government
B. BJMP
C. Provincial Jail
D. BuCor
Answer: C, Provincial jails have jurisdiction over 'provincial prisoners,' which refers to those whose sentences range from 6 months and 1 day to 3 years.
2. Which correctional facility is under the supervision and control of the Provincial Government?
A. District Jail
B. Provincial Jail
C. National Penitentiary
D. Municipal Jail
Answer: B, Provincial jails are unique because they are under the Office of the Governor (LGU) and are not currently under the BJMP or DOJ.
3. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) was created under RA 6975 primarily to address the safekeeping and development of which specific class of individuals?
A. Parolees
B. Detainees
C. Insular Prisoners
D. National Prisoners
Answer: B, BJMP's primary mandate is the management of city, district, and municipal jails, which house detainees awaiting trial or final judgment.
Explanation: The BJMP primarily manages city, municipal, and district jails, where the majority of inmates are persons under detention (awaiting trial or final judgment). Although BJMP also keeps prisoners serving short sentences, "detainees" is the best answer among the choices.
4. Under the Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013 (RA 10575), what is the primary mandate of the BuCor regarding national offenders?
A. Safekeeping and Reformation
B. Custody and Punishment
C. Rehabilitation and Release
D. Detention and Trial
Answer: A, RA 10575 explicitly defines the mandate of BuCor as both the safekeeping and the reformation of national inmates.
5. If a person is convicted of a crime and sentenced to a prison term of exactly 3 years and 1 day, to which agency should the prisoner be committed for the service of the sentence?
A. Provincial Jail
B. City Jail
C. BuCor
D. BJMP
Answer: C Any sentence exceeding 3 years (beginning at 3 years and 1 day) classifies the offender as a national prisoner under BuCor jurisdiction.
6. Which administrative department exercises supervision over the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)?
A. DND
B. DOJ
C. DILG
D. DSWD
Answer: C As per RA 6975, the BJMP is one of the line bureaus under the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).
7. Which of the following is considered the highest court of the land in the Philippines, whose decisions form part of the law of the land?
A. Court of Appeals
B. Regional Trial Court
C. Supreme Court
D. Sandiganbayan
Answer: C, Article VIII of the 1987 Constitution establishes the Supreme Court as the highest court of the Philippines. Its interpretations of the Constitution and laws form part of the law of the land.
8. Which court generally has exclusive original jurisdiction over civil actions where the claim exceeds ₱2,000,000.00?
A. Metropolitan Trial Court (MeTC)
B. Regional Trial Court (RTC)
C. Municipal Trial Court (MTC)
D. Court of Appeals (CA)
Answer: B, Under current jurisdictional rules, as amended by Republic Act No. 11576, the threshold amounts have been increased. If the question specifically uses "exceeds ₱2,000,000.00," the RTC would still have jurisdiction because the amount exceeds the lower-court threshold. However, for exam purposes, it is better to use the current statutory thresholds to avoid confusion.
Verdict: Acceptable answer, but consider updating the amount in the question.
9. Under the law, first-level courts (MeTC, MTCC, MTC, MCTC) have exclusive original jurisdiction over offenses punishable with imprisonment of:
A. Not exceeding 6 years
B. Not exceeding 12 years
C. Life imprisonment
D. Not exceeding 1 year
Answer: A, Under B.P. Blg. 129, as amended, first-level courts generally have exclusive original jurisdiction over criminal offenses punishable by imprisonment not exceeding six (6) years, regardless of the amount of fine.
Section 32 of B.P. Blg. 129 (Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980), as amended by R.A. 7691, grants first-level courts exclusive original jurisdiction over offenses punishable by imprisonment not exceeding six (6) years, regardless of the fine.
10. If a party wants to appeal a decision rendered by a Regional Trial Court (RTC) in the exercise of its original jurisdiction, where should the appeal generally be filed?
A. Supreme Court
B. Sandiganbayan
C. Court of Tax Appeals
D. Court of Appeals
Answer: D, Under the Rules of Court, decisions of the RTC rendered in the exercise of its original jurisdiction are generally appealable to the Court of Appeals.
Under Rule 41 of the Rules of Court, decisions of the RTC rendered in the exercise of original jurisdiction are generally appealable to the Court of Appeals, except in cases where the law provides otherwise (e.g., decisions appealable directly to the Supreme Court in certain instances).
11. Which court has exclusive original jurisdiction over cases involving claims of real property where the assessed value does not exceed ₱400,000.00?
A. Regional Trial Court
B. Court of Appeals
C. First-Level Courts (MTC/MeTC/MTCC)
D. Shari'ah District Court
Answer: C, Under R.A. 11576, first-level courts have exclusive original jurisdiction over real actions where the assessed value does not exceed ₱400,000 outside Metro Manila (and ₱500,000 in Metro Manila).
R.A. 11576 (2021 amendment to B.P. Blg. 129) expanded the jurisdiction of first-level courts. They now have exclusive original jurisdiction over real actions involving property with assessed value not exceeding ₱400,000 outside Metro Manila and ₱500,000 within Metro Manila.
12. Which special collegiate court has exclusive jurisdiction over graft and corruption cases committed by high-ranking public officials?
A. Court of Tax Appeals
B. Sandiganbayan
C. Ombudsman
D. Regional Trial Court
Answer: B, The Sandiganbayan has jurisdiction over specified criminal and civil cases involving graft and corruption committed by public officials occupying positions designated by law.
Article XI, Sec 4 of the 1987 Constitution and P.D. 1606 (as amended) establish the Sandiganbayan as a special collegiate court with jurisdiction over graft and corruption cases involving public officials occupying positions specified by law (e.g., provincial governors, city mayors, members of Congress, etc.).
13. This was established under Batas Pambansa Bilang129 known as The Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980. It is composed of one presiding justice and sixty-eight associate justices.
a. Supreme Court
b. Sandiganbayan
c. Ombudsman
d. Court of Appeals
Answer: D
14. Is the life and practice of highway robbery and plunder.
a. Offender
b. Brigandage
c. Gang
d. Felon
Answer: B
15. It is a pillar of the Philippine Criminal Justice System, which is mandated to investigate penal violations and evaluate evidence in the preliminary investigation.
a. Law Enforcement
b. Courts
c. Community
d. Prosecution
Answer: D
16. In Latin, it literally means "Stand by things decided".
a. Stare Decisis
b. Abberatio Ictus
c. Pro Reo
d. Actus Reus
Answer: A
17. It is considered the weakest link of the Philippine criminal justice system because it failed to rehabilitate the inmates after serving their sentences.
a. Supreme Court
b. Correction
c. Sandiganbayan
d. Court of Appeals
Answer: B
18. The government agency that directs, supervises, and controls all district, city, and municipal jails nationwide is the:
a. Bureau of Corrections
b. Penal Colony
c. National Penitentiary
d. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
Answer: D
19. The special court having jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt practices and other offenses committed by public officers and employees (with Salary Grade 24 and above) in relation to their offices is the:
a. Sandiganbayan
b. Ombudsman
c. Regional Trial Court
d. None of the above
Answer: A
20. This pillar of the Philippine Criminal Justice System involves the prevention of the commission of crime and the protection of the life, liberty, and property of the citizens.
a. Corrections
b. Community
c. Law Enforcement
d. Courts
Answer: C
21. It refers to anything that is contrary or against the rules of a particular prison or jail facility, like cash, jewelry, dangerous drugs, and deadly weapons.
a. Warrant
b. Bail
c. Contraband
d. Continental
Answer: C
22. Risa abandoned her 2-day-old daughter in front of an orphanage in a bid to conceal her dishonor. Unfortunately, the street dogs mauled the helpless baby, resulting in her death. What is the crime committed by Risa?
a. Homicide
b. Infanticide
c. Abandonment
d. Parricide
Answer: C
23. He is the person responsible for presenting the case in a criminal trial against an individual accused of breaking the law.
a. Respondent
b. Plaintiff
c. Fiscal
d. Prosecutor
Answer: D
24. Which of the following does not belong to the correction pillar of the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
a. New Bilibid Prison
b. National Prosecution Service
c. Correctional Institution for Women
d. Bureau of Corrections
Answer: B
25. Rodrigo was driving a truck loaded with sugarcane. While he maneuvers the vehicle in reverse, his 4-year old daughter runs towards the rear side of the vehicle. When his wife Imee saw what was to happen, she ran after the girl, resulting in her being hit by the vehicle, killing her. What is the crime committed by Rodrigo?
o Reckless imprudence resulting in parricide
o Reckless imprudence resulting in homicide
o Homicide
o Murder
Answer: A
26. When a person is charged with an offense, and the case is terminated either by an acquittal or conviction, or in any manner without the express consent of the accused, the latter can not again be charged with the same or identical offense.
a. Duplicity of offense
b. Plea Bargaining
c. In Flagrante Delicto
d. Double Jeopardy
Answer: D
27. It is a change made by the President on the decision of the court by reducing the degree of penalty imposed upon the convicted felon.
a. Amnesty
b. Commutation
c. Arrest
d. Bail
Answer: B
28. He is the officer of the judiciary who issues a warrant of arrest and determines the culpability of the accused.
a. Court clerk
b. Fiscal
c. Plaintiff
d. Judge
Answer: D
29. In the law enforcement pillar of the Philippine Criminal Justice System, which of the following is NOT included?
a. Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
b. Philippine National Police
c. National Bureau of Investigation
d. Bureau of Corrections
Answer: D
30. Risa, a pharmacist, is preparing a medicine for Imee, a cancer patient. Instead of using the prescribed drug, she erroneously used a highly poisonous substance. When the medicine was taken by Imee, the latter nearly died. What is the crime committed by Risa?
a. Frustrated murder
b. Frustrated homicide
c. Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries.
d. No crime was committed
Answer: C
31. It is a general pardon extended to a group or classes of persons and is exercised by the President with the concurrence of Congress. It is usually given to political offenders. Its purpose is to bring about the return of dissidents and recalcitrant members of our population to their homes and resumption of their lawful pursuits.
a. Commutation
b. Bail
c. Arrest
d. Amnesty
Answer: D
32. It is a written direction or command of the court or any other competent authority consigning an offender to jail or prison for confinement.
a. Arrest
b. Warrant
c. Commitment order
d. Bail
Answer: C
33. Which of the following does not fall under the four classes of prisoners in the Philippines?
a. City Prisoner
b. Regional Prisoner
c. Provincial Prisoner
d. Municipal Prisoner
Answer: B
34. Which bureau under the Department of Justice is responsible for the treatment and rehabilitation of national prisoners serving sentences of more than three years?
a. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
b. National Penitentiary
c. Bureau of Corrections
d. National Prosecution Service
Answer: C
35. It is an act committed by a juvenile for which an adult could be prosecuted in criminal court.
a. Status Offenses
b. Minor Offenses
c. Delinquency Offenses
d. Misdemeanor
Answer: B
36. The following are functions of the police EXCEPT:
a. Crime prevention
b. Criminal apprehension
c. Order maintenance
d. Arraignment of the accused
Answer: D
37. It is a criminal justice model that is based on the idea that the most important functions of the pillars of the criminal justice system are the protection of the public and the repression of criminal conduct.
a. Prosecution
b. Crime control model
c. Correction
d. Law enforcement
Answer: B
38. Behaviors that are law violations only for youth of juvenile status.
a. Minor offenses
b. Delinquency offenses
c. Misdemeanor
d. Status Offenses
Answer: D
39. It is the mental knowledge of committing the crime.
a. Abberatio Ictus
b. Mens Rea
c. Actus Reus
d. Pro Reo
Answer: A
40. This pillar includes patrolling to supervise conduct, investigating to identify offenders and/or recover stolen or missing property, warning or arresting those who are probably guilty of criminal behavior, and assisting in the prosecution and trial of offenders.
a. Prosecution
b. Corrections
c. Law Enforcement
d. Courts
Answer: C
41. It is under the supervision and control of the Department of Justice and is tasked as the prosecutorial arm of the government.
a. PDEA
b. National Bureau of Investigation
c. National Prosecution Service
d. Bureau of Corrections
Answer: C
42. The Pasay City Prosecutor's Office has filed a charge of inciting to sedition against Senator Tonio for allegedly encouraging the military to shoot President Pedro. What is the punishment if the senator is found guilty of the crime?
a. Reclusion Temporal in its maximum period.
b. Reclusion Perpetua
c. Prision Correctional in its maximum period and a fine not exceeding 2,000 pesos
d. Prision Mayor in its maximum period and a fine not exceeding 2,000 pesos
Answer: C
43. A pillar in the Philippine Criminal Justice System, which is mandated to administer rehabilitation programs for offenders to get them ready to be integrated in the community again.
a. Law Enforcement
b. Prosecution
c. Corrections
d. Courts
Answer: C
44. It is a governmental body officially assembled under the authority of law at the appropriate time and place for the administration of justice through which the state enforces its sovereign rights and power. It is also empowered by the Constitution to determine the guilt of the accused.
a. Supreme Court
b. Court
c. Sandiganbayan
d. Criminal Justice System
Answer: B
45. It entails the supervised release of offenders after they have served a portion of their sentence.
a. Parole
b. Community service
c. Incarceration
d. Probation
Answer: A
46. Which of the following public officers is not part of the law enforcement pillar of the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
a. Security guard
b. Fiscal
c. NBI agent
d. Police officers
Answer: B
47. The following are the agencies involved in the Philippine Criminal Justice System EXCEPT:
a. Insurance Commission
b. Bureau of Corrections
c. Bureau of Fire Protection
d. Regional Trial Court
Answer: A
48. It is when, in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is attempting to commit an offense.
a. Judge
b. In flagrante delicto
c. Fiscal
d. Police officer
Answer: B
49. It involves community supervision instead of prison.
a. Parole
b. Community Service
c. Incarceration
d. Probation
Answer: D
50. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the National Prosecution Service?
a. It is an organic unit of the Department of Justice.
b. It collates and evaluates evidence in the preliminary investigation and dismisses or files the case in court.
c. It is directly under the Judiciary.
d. Its head is called the Chief State Prosecutor.
Answer: C
51. Rodrigo killed Sarah, his common-law wife, and their daughter. What is/are the crime/s committed by Pedro?
a. Multiple homicide
b. Mass murder
c. Multiple parricide
d. Homicide/murder and parricide
Answer: D
52. This pillar must decide the culpability or innocence of the accused after careful examination of the records of the case after its trial on the merits.
a. Community
b. Courts
c. Corrections
d. Prosecution
Answer: B
53. These are the rights required to be recited by a police officer, except that such information will imperil the arrest.
a. Miranda doctrine
b. Bill of Rights
c. Human rights
d. None of these
Answer: A
54. It is a systematized process that the government uses to maintain social control by enforcing laws and administering justice to maintain peace and order.
a. Law Enforcement
b. Fighting Against Criminality
c. Philippine Criminal Justice System
d. System of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Answer: C
55. It is the stage where the accused is formally informed of the charge against him by reading before him the information or complaint and asking him whether he pleads guilty or not guilty.
a. Arraignment
b. Appeal
c. Preliminary Investigation
d. Booking
Answer: A
56. Is the act of committing the crime.
a. Pro Reo
b. Actus Reus
c. Abberatio Ictus
d Mens Rea
Answer: B
57. This pillar in the Philippine Criminal Justice System includes people themselves and People's Organizations. The primary role of this pillar is to provide assistance to an offended party, especially when rights are asserted.
a. Law Enforcement
b. Corrections
c. Community
d. Courts
Answer: C
58. Of the following, which is not among the primary goals of the Criminal Justice System?
a. Enforce laws and maintain peace and order.
b. Protect human and legal rights of both suspect and victim.
c. Develop the capacity of local government units to strengthen their crime prevention efforts.
d. Ensure that no innocent person shall be convicted of a crime
Answer: C
59. It is the taking of a person into custody so that he may be bound to answer for the commission of an offense.
a. Arrest
b. Bail
c. Brigandage
d. Amnesty
Answer: A
60. It comprises all the means used to enforce those standards of conduct, which are deemed necessary to protect individuals and to maintain general community well-being.
a. Court
b. Criminal Justice System
c. Judge
d. Law
Answer: B
61. It is the Pillar of the Philippine Criminal Justice System that welcomes back the mainstream of society and accepts individuals who are released after having served their sentences in jail.
a. Community
b. Court
c. Prosecution
d. Correction
e. Law Enforcement
Answer: A
62. Which body is responsible for coordinating the activities and functions of the five (5) pillars of the CJS?
a. Civil Defense Council
b. Special Defense Council
c. Peace and Order Council
d. Police Advisory Council
e. Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee
Answer: C
63. A person convicted of a crime may qualify for probation if he is meted a sentence of imprisonment of -
a. Less than 6 years
b. 6 years and 1 month
c. 9 years
d. 12 years
e. 20 years
Answer: A
64. To present in court evidence against the accused is the function of the -
a. Court
b. Community
c. Prosecution
d. Correction
e. Law enforcement
Answer: C
65. As a pillar of the CJS, what is the main function of the courts?
a. To rehabilitate the convict
b. To prosecute the accused
c. To arrest the violators of the law
d. To give the accused the chance to prove his innocence
e. To try to determine if the accused is guilty or not of the charge against him
Answer: E
66. Which is not a direct effect of the 2-month dry spell experienced by the Philippines?
a. Food price inflation
b. Drying up of fish ponds
c. Reduced water supply
d. Decreased power generation
e. Damage to crops
Answer: A
67. Ecological waste management system classifies garbage into -
a. Biological and non-biological
b. Non-biodegradable and degradable
c. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable
d. Biochemical and non-biochemical
e. Biodegradable and non-degradable
Answer: C
68. Compost, one of the products of good ecological waste management, can be used as -
a. Feed
b. Food
c. Fuel
d. Organic
e. Fertilizer
Answer: E
69. Which is not a key to Ecological Waste Management?
a. Sort at source (ibukod agad)
b. Package properly (tamang lalagyan)
c. Use/reuse ecological (wastong gamit)
d. Burn at once (sunugin agad)
e. None of the above
Answer: D
70. Who is the new Chief of PNP (2012)?
a. PDG Arturo G. Cacdac Jr.
b. PDG Raul M. Bacalzo
c. PDG Nicanor A. Bartolome
d. PDG Jesus Verzoza
e. PDG Avelino I. Razon Jr.
Answer: C
71. In the Law Enforcement Pillar of the Philippine Criminal Justice System, which of the following is not included:
a. PNP
b. Bureau of Corrections
c. PDEA
d. NBI
Answer: Bureau of Corrections
72. In Latin, it literally means, Stand by, thing decided.
Answer: Stare Decisis
73. It is a written direction or command of the court or any competent authority consigning an offender to jail or prison for confinement.
Answer: Commitment order
74. Behaviors that are law violations only for youth of juvenile status.
Answer: Status Offenses
75. It is the mental knowledge of committing the crime.
Answer: Mens Rea
76. Which of the following does not belong to the correction pillar of the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
a. National Prosecution Service
b. BJMP
c. BuCor
d. Provincial Jail
Answer: National Prosecution Service
77. The Pillar in the Philippine Criminal Justice System, which is mandated to try and issue judgment on the cases between the accused and the victim.
Answer: Courts
78. This pillar includes patrolling to supervise conduct, investigating to identify offenders and/or recover stolen or missing property, warning or arresting those who are probably guilty of criminal behavior, and assisting in the prosecution and trial of offenders.
Answer: Law Enforcement
79. A Pillar in the Philippine Criminal Justice System, which is mandated to administer rehabilitation programs for offenders to get them ready to be integrated in the community again.
Answer: Corrections
80. The National Bureau of Investigation is under what Department of Government?
Answer: Department of Justice
81. It is the act of committing the crime.
Answer: Actus Reus
82. It is a sworn written statement charging a person for an offense, subscribed by the offended party, public officers, or any peace officer in charge of the law violated.
Answer: Complaint
83. The following are functions of the Police except:
a. Patrol
b. Investigate
c. Arrest
d. Arraignment of the accused
Answer: Arraignment of the accused
84. Ramelo was driving a truck loaded with sugarcane. While he maneuvers the vehicle in reverse, his 4-year old daughter runs towards the rear side of the vehicle. When his wife, Remmy, saw what was to happen, she ran after the girl, resulting in her being hit by the vehicle, killing her. What is the crime committed by Ramelo?
Answer: Reckless imprudence resulting in parricide
85. It is considered the weakest link of the Philippine Criminal Justice System because it failed to rehabilitate the inmates after serving their sentences.
Answer: Correction
86. It is when, in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is attempting to commit an offense.
Answer: In Flagrante Delicto
87. It is the stage where the accused is formally informed of the charge against him by reading before him the information or complaint and asking him whether he pleads guilty or is not guilty.
Answer: Arraignment
88. Who among the following is not a law enforcer?
a. PDEA
b. NBI
c. Sheriff
d. PNP
Answer: Sheriff
89. Gina abandoned her 2-day-old daughter in front of an orphanage in a bid to conceal her dishonor. Unfortunately, the street dog mauled the helpless baby, resulting in her death. What is the crime committed by Gina?
Answer: Abandonment
90. These are the rights required to be recited by a police officer, except that such information will imperil the arrest.
Answer: Miranda Doctrine
91. The Pasay City Prosecutor's Office has filed a charge of inciting to sedition against Senator Tonio for allegedly encouraging the military to shoot President Pedro. What is the punishment if the Senator is found guilty of the crime?
Answer: Prision Correccional in its maximum period and a fine not exceeding 2,000 pesos.
92. It is a criminal justice model that is based on the idea that the most important functions of the pillars of the criminal justice system are the protection of the public and the repression of criminal conduct.
Answer: Crime Control Model
93. It entails the supervised release of offenders after they have served a portion of their sentence.
Answer: Parole
94. It is an act committed by a juvenile for which an adult could be prosecuted in criminal court.
Answer: Delinquency Offenses
95. It refers to anything contrary to or against the rules of a particular prison or jail facility, like cash, jewelry, dangerous drugs, and deadly weapons.
Answer: Contraband
96. It is a general pardon extended to a group or classes of persons and is exercised by the President with the concurrence of Congress. It is usually given to political offenders. Its purpose is to bring about the return of dissidents and recalcitrant members of our population to their homes and resumption of their lawful pursuits.
Answer: Amnesty
97. This was created to amicably settle cases within their respective barangay, punishable by imprisonment not exceeding one year.
Answer: Barangay Court System
98. This was established under Batas Pambansa Bilang 129, known as the Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1990. It is composed of one presiding justice and sixty-eight associated justices.
Answer: Court of Appeals
99. The following are the agencies involved in the Philippine Criminal Justice System, except:
a. PNP
b. Insurance Commission
c. Court
d. Prosecution
Answer: Insurance Commission
100. It is a systematized process that the government uses to maintain social control by enforcing laws and administering justice to maintain peace and order.
Answer: Philippine Criminal Justice System
Human Rights Education Review Questions 1
Introduction to Criminology Review Questions 1
Bigwas
Bigwas blog about Criminal law and Procedure, Criminology and Crimes, Philippine Banking and Finance, Insurance and Investment.