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 Introduction To Criminology Review Questions 1


1. Which previous law was explicitly repealed by the enactment of RA 11131?

A. RA 4864

B. RA 6506

C. RA 8551

D. RA 6975


Answer: B. RA 6506



2. Under RA 11131, which body is responsible for the regulation of the criminology profession?

A. The Philippine Society of Criminology

B. The Professional Criminologists Association of the Philippines (PCAP)

C. The Professional Regulatory Board for Criminologists

D. The Philippine Public Safety College


Answer: C.



3. What is the minimum educational qualification required for an applicant to take the Criminology Licensure Examination?

A. High School Diploma with 2 years of police experience

B. Associate degree in Police Science

C. Bachelor’s Degree in Criminology

D. Master’s Degree in Criminal Justice


Answer: C.



4. To pass the licensure examination, a candidate must obtain a weighted general average of at least 75%, with no grade lower than ____ in any given subject.

A. 50%

B. 60%

C. 70%

D. 75%


Answer: B. 60%



5. How long is the term of office for the Chairperson and members of the Professional Regulatory Board for Criminologists?

A. 2 years

B. 3 years

C. 5 years

D. 6 years


Answer: B



6. Which of the following is a new requirement under RA 11131 for the renewal of a Professional Identification Card?

A. Proof of active police service

B. Completion of a Master's degree

C. Compliance with the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) requirements

D. A recommendation from the Mayor


Answer: C. 



7. Which civil service eligibility is automatically granted to Registered Criminologists under Section 34 of RA 11131?

A. Sub-Professional Eligibility

B. Professional Eligibility

C. Career Executive Service Eligibility

D. Honor Graduate Eligibility


Answer: B.



8. Under the lateral entry program mentioned in RA 11131, at what rank are Registered Criminologists appointed in the PNP, BJMP, and BFP?

A. Police Corporal

B. Police Lieutenant

C. Police Captain

D. Police Major


Answer: B.



9. Which of the following agencies is required by RA 11131 to give priority to Registered Criminologists in their recruitment and appointment?

A. Department of Agriculture

B. National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)

C. Bureau of Internal Revenue

D. Department of Tourism


Answer: B.



10. What is a mandatory career requirement for those wishing to teach professional criminology subjects in schools under RA 11131?

A. Being a member of the Integrated Bar

B. Being a Registered Criminologist

C. Serving 10 years in the military

D. Holding a Doctorate in Philosophy


Answer: B.



11. Under RA 11131, registered criminologists are automatically granted civil service eligibility for what level of positions in government?

A. Sub-Professional Level

B. Professional Level

C. Second Level (Technical)

D. Third Level (Executive)


Answer: B, 


Reason: RA 11131 expressly grants Professional Civil Service Eligibility, not "Second Level (Technical)." While the Civil Service Commission recognizes Professional Eligibility as qualifying for second-level positions, the law itself uses the term Professional Civil Service Eligibility.



12. Which structural benefit allows a registered criminologist to bypass standard entrance ranks and be directly appointed as a line officer?

A. Promotional Waiver

B. Lateral Entry Privilege

C. Merit-Based Promotion

D. Special Enlistment


Answer: B



13. According to the law, what is the required baseline entry rank for a registered criminologist entering the PNP via lateral entry?

A. Police Lieutenant

B. Police Captain

C. Police Major

D. Police Colonel


Answer: A



14. Which of the following is true regarding a registered criminologist's privilege to sign official documents?

A. They must use a licensed lawyer's stamp.

B. They have the exclusive right to use an official professional seal.

C. They require a clearance from the local police chief.

D. They can only sign documents if accompanied by an NBI agent.


Answer: B



15. In terms of employment and promotion, what advantage does RA 11131 explicitly mandate for criminologists in government security agencies?

A. Automatic double salary increments

B. Exemption from background checks

C. Priority and preference in appointment

D. Lifetime tenure without probation


Answer: C



16. Under Section 34 of RA 11131, a registered criminologist who passes the Criminologist Licensure Examination is automatically granted which privilege?

A. Career Executive Service Eligibility

B. Professional Civil Service Eligibility

C. Honor Graduate Eligibility

D. Sub-Professional Eligibility


Answer: B



17. Which school of thought is based on the assumption that individuals have free will and calculate the costs and benefits of their actions?

A. Chicago School

B. Neo-Classical School

C. Classical School

D. Positivist School


Answer: C, This school, pioneered by Beccaria, emphasizes that humans are rational beings who exercise free will in choosing to commit crimes.



18. The Neo-Classical school of criminology is primarily known for introducing which concept into the justice system?

A. Strict legalism

B. Biological determinism

C. Mitigating circumstances

D. Social disorganization


Answer: C, The Neo-Classical school modified the absolute free will doctrine to allow for exceptions like age, mental health, and intent.



19. Cesare Lombroso, a key figure in the Positivist school, proposed that criminals are 'evolutionary throwbacks.' What term did he use for this?

A. Hedonism

B. Somatotyping

C. Atavism

D. Anomie


Answer: C, Atavism refers to the idea that criminals are biological regressions to a more primitive human stage.



20. In the Classical school, what are the three essential elements required for punishment to effectively deter crime?

A. Justice, equality, and liberty

B. Retribution, reform, and rehabilitation

C. Arrest, trial, and conviction

D. Celerity, severity, and certainty


Answer: D, Beccaria argued that for punishment to work, it must be swift (celerity), sufficiently harsh (severity), and inevitable (certainty).



21. Which of the following phrases best summarizes the focus of the Positivist school of criminology?

A. Focus on the victim

B. Focus on the act

C. Focus on the law

D. Focus on the offender


Answer: D, Positivism shifted the focus from the legal definition of the act to the scientific study of the individual offender's characteristics.



22. Jeremy Bentham, a Classical theorist, proposed a 'mental calculator' for pleasure and pain known as:

A. Felicific Calculus

B. Utilitarianism

C. Moral Insanity

D. Social Contract


Answer: A, Bentham's Felicific (or Hedonistic) Calculus was his method for measuring the amount of pleasure or pain an act produces.



23. Which school of thought advocates for the 'indeterminate sentence' to allow for the rehabilitation of the offender?

A. Abolitionist School

B. Neo-Classical School

C. Positivist School

D. Classical School


Answer: C, Because Positivists believe in treatment and reform, they favor sentences that last as long as the offender needs help.



24. The 'Holy Three of Criminology' include Lombroso, Ferri, and who else?

A. Raffaele Garofalo

B. Enrico Ferri

C. Auguste Comte

D. Cesare Beccaria


Answer: A, Garofalo was the third member of the Italian school of Positivism, known for his work on 'natural crime'.



25. According to the Classical school, why do people obey the law?

A. Social pressure

B. Fear of punishment

C. Moral upbringing

D. Biological instinct


Answer: B, The Classical school posits that deterrence (fear of consequences) is the primary motivator for legal compliance.



26. Which school of thought was the first to utilize the scientific method to study the causes of crime?

A. Classical School

B. Positivist School

C. Demonological School

D. Neo-Classical School


Answer: B, The Positivist school replaced philosophical speculation with empirical observation and data collection.



27. Which Italian physician is widely regarded as the Father of Modern Criminology due to his theory of atavism?

A. Cesare Beccaria

B. Cesare Lombroso

C. Raffaele Garofalo

D. Jeremy Bentham


Answer: B, Lombroso founded the Positivist School, suggesting that criminals are evolutionary throwbacks or 'born criminals'.

Garofalo was a student of Lombroso who focused on 'natural crime,' but is not the primary 'Father' of the field. 


His theory of atavism suggested that criminals were evolutionary throwbacks or “born criminals.” Beccaria, while influential, is more associated with classical criminology and legal reform.



Theories of Crime Causation Review Questions 1