Vice and Drug Education Reviewer
On criminology
 |
| DDB |
Drug Education and Vice Control Reviewer(Definition of Terms and Terminologies)
1875 - In San Francisco, California, an ordinance was enacted that banned the smoking of opium in opium dens.
1919 - The prohibition of alcohol commenced in Finland.
1920 - The prohibition of alcohol commenced in the United States.
1974 - The Inter-Agency Committee on Drug Prevention Education was created and played a vital role in the integration of drug abuse prevention concepts in social action programs.
1979 - The first International Non-Governmental Organization (INGO) conference was held in Jakarta, Indonesia, followed by the second, which took place from November 3 to 8, 1980, in Manila. After the second conference, the Philippine Council of Non-Governmental Organizations was organized.
1988 - The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances was held, further bolstering anti-drug laws.
Addiction - A person has an addiction when he becomes dependent on or craves a drug and believes he needs the drug to live. All an addicted drug user can think about is getting the next dose after getting high.
Classification of Commonly Used Drugs
1875 - In San Francisco, California, an ordinance was enacted that banned the smoking of opium in opium dens.
1919 - The prohibition of alcohol commenced in Finland.
1920 - The prohibition of alcohol commenced in the United States.
1974 - The Inter-Agency Committee on Drug Prevention Education was created and played a vital role in the integration of drug abuse prevention concepts in social action programs.
1979 - The first International Non-Governmental Organization (INGO) conference was held in Jakarta, Indonesia, followed by the second, which took place from November 3 to 8, 1980, in Manila. After the second conference, the Philippine Council of Non-Governmental Organizations was organized.
1988 - The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances was held, further bolstering anti-drug laws.
Addiction - A person has an addiction when he becomes dependent on or craves a drug and believes he needs the drug to live. All an addicted drug user can think about is getting the next dose after getting high.
Classification of Commonly Used Drugs
Psychoactive Drugs - These are often described as psychotropic (mind-affecting) or mind-altering drugs. It is a chemical substance that changes one's thinking, feelings, perceptions, and behaviors.
a. Depressants - they are drugs that affect the central nervous system, causing it to relax.
Common Types of Depressants
1. Narcotics - refer to any drugs that produce insensibility, stupor, melancholy, or dullness of mind with delusion, and which may be habit-forming.
2. Barbiturates - drugs that affect the central nervous system, causing sedation.
3. Tranquilizers - drugs that relieve uncomfortable emotional feelings by reducing anxiety and promoting relaxation.
4. Alcohol - fermented or distilled liquids or drugs containing ethanol and intoxicating substances.
5. Solvents and Inhalants - volatile liquids that give off a vapor, which is inhaled, producing short-term excitement and euphoria, followed by a period of disorientation. Their effects include nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, lack of coordination, and loss of appetite.
4. Alcohol - fermented or distilled liquids or drugs containing ethanol and intoxicating substances.
5. Solvents and Inhalants - volatile liquids that give off a vapor, which is inhaled, producing short-term excitement and euphoria, followed by a period of disorientation. Their effects include nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, lack of coordination, and loss of appetite.
b. Stimulants - chemical substances that generally speed up central nervous system function, resulting in alertness and excitability.
Common Types of Stimulants
1. Cocaine - a natural stimulant derived from the plant Erythroxylum coca.
2. Methamphetamine/Amphetamine - man-made stimulant drugs.
3. Caffeine - a stimulant found in coffee.
4. Nicotine - an addictive substance usually obtained from cigarette smoking.
2. Methamphetamine/Amphetamine - man-made stimulant drugs.
3. Caffeine - a stimulant found in coffee.
4. Nicotine - an addictive substance usually obtained from cigarette smoking.
c. Hallucinogen/Psychedelics - sometimes known as “all-rounders” and “mind expanders”; these drugs affect the person's perceptions, awareness, and emotions, and can also cause hallucinations as well as illusions.
Common Types of Hallucinogens
1. Marijuana
2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
3. Ecstasy
4. PCP, Psilocybin mushroom, and peyote
Cocaine is a stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite suppressant, giving rise to what has been described as a euphoric sense of happiness and increased energy. It is a quick-acting drug whose effects are rapid from the time of intake. It is legally used in medicine as a topical anesthetic, specifically in eye, nose, and throat surgery. It is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is derived
from the leaves of the coca plant, known as “Erythroxylon”
1. Marijuana
2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
3. Ecstasy
4. PCP, Psilocybin mushroom, and peyote
Cocaine is a stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite suppressant, giving rise to what has been described as a euphoric sense of happiness and increased energy. It is a quick-acting drug whose effects are rapid from the time of intake. It is legally used in medicine as a topical anesthetic, specifically in eye, nose, and throat surgery. It is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is derived
from the leaves of the coca plant, known as “Erythroxylon”
Alexander Bennet - he discovered the first medical use of cocaine in 1873 as an anesthetic.
1879 - cocaine was used to treat morphine addiction.
1884 - cocaine was introduced into clinical use as an anesthetic. In Germany.
1970 - cocaine gained popularity as a recreational drug.
Medellin and Cali Cartel - were founded in Colombia to meet the new demand for cocaine. The Cali Cartel became the number on cocaine trafficker after the death of Pablo Escobar.
Pablo Escobar - the founder of the Medellin Cartel, who was killed by the police in late 1993.
Chemicals – are any substances taken into the body that alter the way the mind and the body work.
Chemical Abuse – is an instance when the use of a chemical has produced a negative or harmful consequence.
Codeine - Methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive, and anti-diarrheal properties. It is marketed as the salts codeine sulfate and codeine phosphate. It is also often used as a recreational drug. This is primarily because of its easy availability over the counter or by prescription in combination with other products.
Dangerous Drugs are those that have a high tendency for abuse and dependency; these substances may be organic or synthetic, and pose harm to those who use them.
Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 marked the government's assurance to strict policy against drug abuse. The act was subsequently amended through Presidential Decree No. 44. The Dangerous Drug Board was created to implement the provisions of the Dangerous Drug Act as the national policy-making body and to deal with other related matters on drug abuse prevention and control.
Dangerous Drugs Board is the policy-making and strategy-formulating body, under the Office of the President, in the planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and control.
1884 - cocaine was introduced into clinical use as an anesthetic. In Germany.
1970 - cocaine gained popularity as a recreational drug.
Medellin and Cali Cartel - were founded in Colombia to meet the new demand for cocaine. The Cali Cartel became the number on cocaine trafficker after the death of Pablo Escobar.
Pablo Escobar - the founder of the Medellin Cartel, who was killed by the police in late 1993.
Chemicals – are any substances taken into the body that alter the way the mind and the body work.
Chemical Abuse – is an instance when the use of a chemical has produced a negative or harmful consequence.
Codeine - Methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive, and anti-diarrheal properties. It is marketed as the salts codeine sulfate and codeine phosphate. It is also often used as a recreational drug. This is primarily because of its easy availability over the counter or by prescription in combination with other products.
Dangerous Drugs are those that have a high tendency for abuse and dependency; these substances may be organic or synthetic, and pose harm to those who use them.
Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 marked the government's assurance to strict policy against drug abuse. The act was subsequently amended through Presidential Decree No. 44. The Dangerous Drug Board was created to implement the provisions of the Dangerous Drug Act as the national policy-making body and to deal with other related matters on drug abuse prevention and control.
Dangerous Drugs Board is the policy-making and strategy-formulating body, under the Office of the President, in the planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and control.
The late President Ferdinand E. Marcos organized the Dangerous Drugs Board on November 14, 1972, under the Office of the President.
National Agencies Forming Part of the Dangerous Drugs Board
1. DOH - Department of Health
2. DSWD - Department of Social Welfare and Development
3. DECS - Department of Education, Culture and Sports
4. DOJ - Department of Justice
5. DND - Department of National Defense
6. DOF - Department of Finance
7. DILG - Department of the Interior and Local Government
8. DOLE - Department of Labor and Employment
9. DFA - Department of Foreign Affairs
10. CHED - Commission on Higher Education
11. NYC - National Youth Commission
12. PDEA - Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
National Agencies Forming Part of the Dangerous Drugs Board
1. DOH - Department of Health
2. DSWD - Department of Social Welfare and Development
3. DECS - Department of Education, Culture and Sports
4. DOJ - Department of Justice
5. DND - Department of National Defense
6. DOF - Department of Finance
7. DILG - Department of the Interior and Local Government
8. DOLE - Department of Labor and Employment
9. DFA - Department of Foreign Affairs
10. CHED - Commission on Higher Education
11. NYC - National Youth Commission
12. PDEA - Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
Permanent Consultants of the DDB
1. Director of the NBI
2. Chief of the PNP
Two Regular Members of the DDB
1. President of the IBP - Integrated Bar of the Philippines
2. The Chairman or President of a non-government organization involved in a dangerous drug campaign is to be appointed as the President of the DDB.
Oplan Iwas Droga is the national flagship program on drug abuse prevention launched by the DDB in 1995.
Barkada Kontra Droga is a peer-based program designed as a preventive education and information strategy to counter the dangers and disastrous effects of drug abuse. It aims to empower individuals to be catalysts within their peer groups in advocating healthy, drug-free lifestyles through involvement in various wholesome activities.
IDADIN - Integrated Drug Abuse Data and Information Network.
- is an online drug data pooling and collection system that
allows better management and assessment of the overall drug
demand and supply reduction efforts undertaken by the
government.
DDB-DIAL (DDB Drug Information Action Line) is an action
center created to receive reports and complaints related to
drug abuse as well as to provide relevant information and
assistance to the public.
KID Listo is a mascot created to stand as an icon or
representation of the drug abuse prevention program. KID
means Kalaban ng Ilegal na Droga. It was brought to different
schools and communities all over the country to promote the
anti-drug advocacy.
5 Pillar Global Drug Control Approach
1. Drug Supply Reduction
2. Drug Demand Reduction
3. Alternative Development
4. Civic Awareness and Response
5. Regional and International Cooperation
Dangerous Drugs Board Certification - is issued to attest that
substance/s manufactured or imported by companies are not included in
the list of dangerous drugs and controlled precursors and essential
chemicals.
Certificate of Exemption - is issued to exempt products or
preparations containing dangerous drugs and/or controlled
substances that are below and above the 30% threshold from
certain regulatory control measures.
Dependency - is the state of physical and psychological dependence, or both, on a dangerous drug, or drugs, experienced by a person following the use of that substance on a periodic or continuous basis.
Depressant - A depressant is a drug that slows a person down. Doctors prescribe depressants to help people be less angry, anxious, or tense. Depressants relax muscles and make people feel sleepy or like
their heads are stuffed.
Drugs are chemicals that affect a person in such a way as to bring about physiological, emotional, or behavioral change.
Drug Abuse is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. Drug abuse exists when a person
continually uses a drug other than its intended purpose. This continued use can lead to drug addiction and dependency.
General Signs and Symptoms of Drug Abuse
1. Unexpected changes in behavior
2. Significant deterioration of grooming
3. Continually wearing long-sleeved clothing to hide injection marks
4. Wearing sunglasses in appropriate time.
5. Weight loss not attributed to proper physical exercise.
6. Association with persons who are known drug abusers
7. Unusual spending of money
Drug Addiction – a state of periodic or chronic (continuous) intoxication (drunk) detrimental to the individual and to society produced by the repeated consumption of drugs.
- Drug addiction refers to the behavioral condition where an individual’s need to obtain and use (especially, self-administer) drugs becomes a strong fixation.
- Drug addiction is a complex, and often chronic, brain disease. It is characterized by excessive drug craving, seeking, and use. Addiction is caused by brain changes caused by constant
drug use.
Drug Dependence - A state of psychic or physical dependence, or both, on dangerous drugs, arising in a person following administration or use of a drug on a periodic or continuous basis.
- Drug dependence describes the state in which an individual is dependent upon the drug for normal physiological functioning.
Drug Experimenter - One who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses any narcotic substances, marijuana, or dangerous drugs as defined not more than a few times for reasons of curiosity, peer pressure, or other similar reasons.
Drug Syndicate - it is a network of evil. It is operated and manned by willful criminals who knowingly traffic human lives for the money. A large sum of money can be made in their illegal and nefarious trade. The set results of their commerce are physical and mental cripples, ruined lives, even agonizing death.
Ecstasy - In 1912, MDMA, or methylenedioxymethamphetamine, was developed in Germany as an appetite depressant by the pharmaceutical company Merck. During the late 1970 psychiatrists and psychologists used the drug as treatment for emotional and psychological disorders. Among the youth, users referred to it as the “sex drug”. In its purest form, it is a crystalline substance, a white powder with a musty odor.
Enabling is any action taken by a concerned person that removes or softens the negative effect or harmful consequences of drug use upon the user. Enabling only makes things worse. It is like fighting fire with gasoline.
Facility Based/Treatment Based Data - are data gathered from the residential and outpatient treatment and rehabilitation centers in the Philippines.
Hallucinogen - A hallucinogen is a drug, such as LSD, that changes a person's mood and makes him see, hear, or think things that aren't really there. Hallucinogens change the way a person feels time,
making it seem to slow down. As the name implies, hallucinogens may cause hallucinations - this is when people think they see or hear imaginary people or things.
Harrison Act - passed in 1914, which required sellers of opiates and cocaine to procure a license. Originally intended to require paper trails of drug transactions between doctors, drug stores, and patients, it soon became a prohibitive law.
Hashish - It is the dark brown resin that is collected from the tops of potent Cannabis Sativa. It is at least five times stronger than crude marijuana. Since it is stronger, the effect on the user is more intense,
and the possibility of side effects is greater. Placing the crude plant material in a solvent makes it. The plant materials are then filtered out, and the solvent is removed, yielding a gummy, resinous substance.
Heroin - is also known as Diacetylmorphine, is a semi-synthetic opioid. It mimics endorphins and creates a sense of well-being upon entering the bloodstream, usually through intravenous injection. It is widely used as an illegal drug for its intense euphoria, which often disappears with increased tolerance.
High - A high is the feeling that drug users want to get when they take drugs. There are many types of high, including a spacey feeling, euphoria, or a feeling that a person has “special powers”, such as
the ability to fly or see into the future.
Lebanon - also became the transit country for cocaine from South America to illicit drug markets.
Marijuana - obtained from an Indian hemp plant known as “Cannabis Sativa” a strong, handy ,annual shrub which grows wild in temperature and tropic regions. A mind altering substance produced from cannavis sativa, it is used because its primary active chemical Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induces relaxation and heightens the senses.
Cannabis is prepared for human consumption in different forms:
1. Marijuana or Ganja - the leaves and flowering tops of female
plants.
2. Hashish or Charas - a concentrated resin composed of glandular
trichomes and vegetative debris that has been physically extracted
usually by rubbing, sifting or with ice.
3. Kif or Kief - the chopped flowering tops of female cannabis
plants, often mixed with tobacco,Moroccan hashish produced
in the Rif mountains.Sifted cannabis trichomes consisting of
only the glandular heads often incorrectly referred to as
“Crystals or Pollen”.
4. Bhang - a beverage prepared by grinding cannabis leaves in
milk and boiling with spices and other ingredients.
5. Hash Oil - an oily mixture resulting from chemical extraction
or distillation of the THC-rich part of the plant.
6. Budder - hash oil whipped to incorporate air, making it
more like butter.
Methods/Apparatus in Smoking Marijuana
1. The Joint
2. The Blunt
3. The Hookah
4. The Bong - is a tube with a small bowl at the end of a
thinner tube inserted through the side near the base.
5. The Waterfall
6. The Pipe
7. The Shotgun
8. The Chillum
9. The One Hitter or Bat - is a contrivance that allows the
small amount of cannabis to be burned and inhaled in a
single breath.
Middle East - the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the biggest producer of cannabis in the Middle East.
Morphine is a strong opiate analgesic drug and is the principal active agent in opium. It acts directly on the central nervous system, relieving pain. It is claimed to be six (6) times more potent than opium. It is administered into the body by means of injection. It is used legally as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain after surgery and pain associated with trauma.
Most Commonly Used/Abused Substances In The Philippines
1. Methamphetamine hydrochloride (Shabu)
2. Cannabis Sativa or Marijuana
3. Inhalants (Contact Cement)
Motbok - an alcohol rationing system with a personal ration record book employed by Sweden from 1914 to 1955.
Narcotics - is any drug that produces sleep or stupor and relieves pain due to its depressant effect on the central nervous system. The term narcotic comes from the Greek word for sleep, “Narkotikos".
Opium - Obtained from a female poppy plant known as “Papaver somniferum”. It comes from the Greek word which means “juice”. It is the original component of Morphine and Heroin. It was known to be cultivated in lower Mesopotamia long ago as 3400 BC. In De Medicina (30 AD), Aulus Cornelius Celsus specified various uses for “Poppy Tears” as an emollient for painful joints and anal crevices, in anodynes pills promoting relief of pain through sleep.
Opium Preparation - The smoking of opium does not involve the
burning of the material as might be imagined. The prepared opium
is indirectly heated to temperature at which active alkaloids,
mainly Morphine, are vaporized.
Opium Chemical Properties and Physiological Effects - Opium
includes two groups of alkaloids: Phenanthrenes(including
Morphine and Codeine) and Benzylisoquinolines
(including Papaverine).
Opium Medical Uses - Opium has been a major commodity of trade
for centuries, due to the fact that it has long been used as a
painkiller and sedative.
Presidential Proclamation No.1192 - declared the 2nd week of November as Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Week, and celebrated every year.
Physical Dependence - An adaptive state caused by repeated drug use that reveals itself by the development of intense physical symptoms when the drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).
Polydrug Abuse - Many people who abuse one drug tend to take all sorts of drugs. Some play chemical “Russian roulette” by taking everything, including unidentified pills. This is called polydrug abuse.
Psychological Dependence - An attachment to drug use which arises from a drug's ability to satisfy some emotional or personality need of an individual. (Physical dependence is not required, but it does not seem to reinforce psychological dependence.
RA 9165 - commonly known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. It took effect on July 4, 2002.
Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) - continues as a policy-making body
and it formed the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
as the lead agency in the enforcement of the law under the Office
of the President.
The new law abolished the National Drug Law Enforcement and
Prevention Coordinating Center, the PNP Narcotics Group, the
NBI Narcotics Unit and the Customs Narcotics Interdiction Office.
Establishing the proper intelligence network has been an inherent
task given by the law to PDEA in coordination with the following
support units: The PNP AIDSOTF, the NBI AIDTF, the Customs Task
Force in Dangerous Drugs and Controlled Chemicals along with
other government and non-government entities dedicated to curb
the drug problem.
National Strategies Against Dangerous Drugs
1. Supply Reduction Strategy - which refers to the concept of
keeping the drugs away from potential drug users.
Intended Programs
a. Law Enforcement
b. Amendments of the Law
2. Demand Reduction Strategy - refers to the concept of keeping the
potential users away from drugs.
Intended Programs
a. Preventive Education
b. Sports Development
c. Moral and Spiritual Values Recovery
d. Treatment and Rehabilitation
3. International and Local Cooperation/Coordination - refers to
an effective and efficient cooperation and coordination of all
local and international agencies of the government.
Intended Programs
a. Joint Training and Exercises
b. Intelligence Networking
c. Interdiction Operation
Rehabilitation is a dynamic process directed towards changes in the health of the person to prepare him to reach his fullest life potential and capabilities, and making him a law-abiding and productive member of the community without abusing drugs.
Shabu - Methamphetamine was discovered in Japan in 1919. This crystalline powder is soluble in water, making it an ideal drug for injection. During World War II, the drug was used as a stimulant for combat soldiers. After the war, it was regarded as a cure-all for the treatment of mild depression and a good weight control substance. In the mid 80’s, it was introduced in the Philippines and has gained popularity not only in urban areas but rural communities as well. It is also regarded as a poor man’s cocaine.
Stimulant - A stimulant speeds up a person's body and brain. Stimulants, such as methamphetamines, have the opposite effect of depressants. Usually, stimulants make a person highly energetic. When the effects of a stimulant wear off, a person will feel tired or sick.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the psychoactive agent of marijuana. The more THC present in marijuana, the more potent the drug. It is also known as the “sinister element” in marijuana. This is what causes the “high” or “trip” in marijuana users.
The Golden Crescent
1. Afghanistan
2. Pakistan
3. Iran
4. India
The Golden Triangle of Drug Trafficking
1. Laos
2. Thailand
3. Burma
Tolerance - it is the increasing dosage of drugs to maintain the same effect.
Treatment is a medical service rendered to a client for the effective management of their overall conditions related to drug abuse. It deals with the physiological effects of drug abuse.
Withdrawal Period - From the point of habituation or drug dependence up to the time a drug-dependent individual is totally or gradually deprived of the drug.
2. Chief of the PNP
Two Regular Members of the DDB
1. President of the IBP - Integrated Bar of the Philippines
2. The Chairman or President of a non-government organization involved in a dangerous drug campaign is to be appointed as the President of the DDB.
Oplan Iwas Droga is the national flagship program on drug abuse prevention launched by the DDB in 1995.
Barkada Kontra Droga is a peer-based program designed as a preventive education and information strategy to counter the dangers and disastrous effects of drug abuse. It aims to empower individuals to be catalysts within their peer groups in advocating healthy, drug-free lifestyles through involvement in various wholesome activities.
IDADIN - Integrated Drug Abuse Data and Information Network.
- is an online drug data pooling and collection system that
allows better management and assessment of the overall drug
demand and supply reduction efforts undertaken by the
government.
DDB-DIAL (DDB Drug Information Action Line) is an action
center created to receive reports and complaints related to
drug abuse as well as to provide relevant information and
assistance to the public.
KID Listo is a mascot created to stand as an icon or
representation of the drug abuse prevention program. KID
means Kalaban ng Ilegal na Droga. It was brought to different
schools and communities all over the country to promote the
anti-drug advocacy.
5 Pillar Global Drug Control Approach
1. Drug Supply Reduction
2. Drug Demand Reduction
3. Alternative Development
4. Civic Awareness and Response
5. Regional and International Cooperation
Dangerous Drugs Board Certification - is issued to attest that
substance/s manufactured or imported by companies are not included in
the list of dangerous drugs and controlled precursors and essential
chemicals.
Certificate of Exemption - is issued to exempt products or
preparations containing dangerous drugs and/or controlled
substances that are below and above the 30% threshold from
certain regulatory control measures.
Dependency - is the state of physical and psychological dependence, or both, on a dangerous drug, or drugs, experienced by a person following the use of that substance on a periodic or continuous basis.
Depressant - A depressant is a drug that slows a person down. Doctors prescribe depressants to help people be less angry, anxious, or tense. Depressants relax muscles and make people feel sleepy or like
their heads are stuffed.
Drugs are chemicals that affect a person in such a way as to bring about physiological, emotional, or behavioral change.
Drug Abuse is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. Drug abuse exists when a person
continually uses a drug other than its intended purpose. This continued use can lead to drug addiction and dependency.
General Signs and Symptoms of Drug Abuse
1. Unexpected changes in behavior
2. Significant deterioration of grooming
3. Continually wearing long-sleeved clothing to hide injection marks
4. Wearing sunglasses in appropriate time.
5. Weight loss not attributed to proper physical exercise.
6. Association with persons who are known drug abusers
7. Unusual spending of money
Drug Addiction – a state of periodic or chronic (continuous) intoxication (drunk) detrimental to the individual and to society produced by the repeated consumption of drugs.
- Drug addiction refers to the behavioral condition where an individual’s need to obtain and use (especially, self-administer) drugs becomes a strong fixation.
- Drug addiction is a complex, and often chronic, brain disease. It is characterized by excessive drug craving, seeking, and use. Addiction is caused by brain changes caused by constant
drug use.
Drug Dependence - A state of psychic or physical dependence, or both, on dangerous drugs, arising in a person following administration or use of a drug on a periodic or continuous basis.
- Drug dependence describes the state in which an individual is dependent upon the drug for normal physiological functioning.
Drug Experimenter - One who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses any narcotic substances, marijuana, or dangerous drugs as defined not more than a few times for reasons of curiosity, peer pressure, or other similar reasons.
Drug Syndicate - it is a network of evil. It is operated and manned by willful criminals who knowingly traffic human lives for the money. A large sum of money can be made in their illegal and nefarious trade. The set results of their commerce are physical and mental cripples, ruined lives, even agonizing death.
Ecstasy - In 1912, MDMA, or methylenedioxymethamphetamine, was developed in Germany as an appetite depressant by the pharmaceutical company Merck. During the late 1970 psychiatrists and psychologists used the drug as treatment for emotional and psychological disorders. Among the youth, users referred to it as the “sex drug”. In its purest form, it is a crystalline substance, a white powder with a musty odor.
Enabling is any action taken by a concerned person that removes or softens the negative effect or harmful consequences of drug use upon the user. Enabling only makes things worse. It is like fighting fire with gasoline.
Facility Based/Treatment Based Data - are data gathered from the residential and outpatient treatment and rehabilitation centers in the Philippines.
Hallucinogen - A hallucinogen is a drug, such as LSD, that changes a person's mood and makes him see, hear, or think things that aren't really there. Hallucinogens change the way a person feels time,
making it seem to slow down. As the name implies, hallucinogens may cause hallucinations - this is when people think they see or hear imaginary people or things.
Harrison Act - passed in 1914, which required sellers of opiates and cocaine to procure a license. Originally intended to require paper trails of drug transactions between doctors, drug stores, and patients, it soon became a prohibitive law.
Hashish - It is the dark brown resin that is collected from the tops of potent Cannabis Sativa. It is at least five times stronger than crude marijuana. Since it is stronger, the effect on the user is more intense,
and the possibility of side effects is greater. Placing the crude plant material in a solvent makes it. The plant materials are then filtered out, and the solvent is removed, yielding a gummy, resinous substance.
Heroin - is also known as Diacetylmorphine, is a semi-synthetic opioid. It mimics endorphins and creates a sense of well-being upon entering the bloodstream, usually through intravenous injection. It is widely used as an illegal drug for its intense euphoria, which often disappears with increased tolerance.
High - A high is the feeling that drug users want to get when they take drugs. There are many types of high, including a spacey feeling, euphoria, or a feeling that a person has “special powers”, such as
the ability to fly or see into the future.
Lebanon - also became the transit country for cocaine from South America to illicit drug markets.
Marijuana - obtained from an Indian hemp plant known as “Cannabis Sativa” a strong, handy ,annual shrub which grows wild in temperature and tropic regions. A mind altering substance produced from cannavis sativa, it is used because its primary active chemical Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induces relaxation and heightens the senses.
Cannabis is prepared for human consumption in different forms:
1. Marijuana or Ganja - the leaves and flowering tops of female
plants.
2. Hashish or Charas - a concentrated resin composed of glandular
trichomes and vegetative debris that has been physically extracted
usually by rubbing, sifting or with ice.
3. Kif or Kief - the chopped flowering tops of female cannabis
plants, often mixed with tobacco,Moroccan hashish produced
in the Rif mountains.Sifted cannabis trichomes consisting of
only the glandular heads often incorrectly referred to as
“Crystals or Pollen”.
4. Bhang - a beverage prepared by grinding cannabis leaves in
milk and boiling with spices and other ingredients.
5. Hash Oil - an oily mixture resulting from chemical extraction
or distillation of the THC-rich part of the plant.
6. Budder - hash oil whipped to incorporate air, making it
more like butter.
Methods/Apparatus in Smoking Marijuana
1. The Joint
2. The Blunt
3. The Hookah
4. The Bong - is a tube with a small bowl at the end of a
thinner tube inserted through the side near the base.
5. The Waterfall
6. The Pipe
7. The Shotgun
8. The Chillum
9. The One Hitter or Bat - is a contrivance that allows the
small amount of cannabis to be burned and inhaled in a
single breath.
Middle East - the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the biggest producer of cannabis in the Middle East.
Morphine is a strong opiate analgesic drug and is the principal active agent in opium. It acts directly on the central nervous system, relieving pain. It is claimed to be six (6) times more potent than opium. It is administered into the body by means of injection. It is used legally as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain after surgery and pain associated with trauma.
Most Commonly Used/Abused Substances In The Philippines
1. Methamphetamine hydrochloride (Shabu)
2. Cannabis Sativa or Marijuana
3. Inhalants (Contact Cement)
Motbok - an alcohol rationing system with a personal ration record book employed by Sweden from 1914 to 1955.
Narcotics - is any drug that produces sleep or stupor and relieves pain due to its depressant effect on the central nervous system. The term narcotic comes from the Greek word for sleep, “Narkotikos".
Opium - Obtained from a female poppy plant known as “Papaver somniferum”. It comes from the Greek word which means “juice”. It is the original component of Morphine and Heroin. It was known to be cultivated in lower Mesopotamia long ago as 3400 BC. In De Medicina (30 AD), Aulus Cornelius Celsus specified various uses for “Poppy Tears” as an emollient for painful joints and anal crevices, in anodynes pills promoting relief of pain through sleep.
Opium Preparation - The smoking of opium does not involve the
burning of the material as might be imagined. The prepared opium
is indirectly heated to temperature at which active alkaloids,
mainly Morphine, are vaporized.
Opium Chemical Properties and Physiological Effects - Opium
includes two groups of alkaloids: Phenanthrenes(including
Morphine and Codeine) and Benzylisoquinolines
(including Papaverine).
Opium Medical Uses - Opium has been a major commodity of trade
for centuries, due to the fact that it has long been used as a
painkiller and sedative.
Presidential Proclamation No.1192 - declared the 2nd week of November as Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Week, and celebrated every year.
Physical Dependence - An adaptive state caused by repeated drug use that reveals itself by the development of intense physical symptoms when the drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).
Polydrug Abuse - Many people who abuse one drug tend to take all sorts of drugs. Some play chemical “Russian roulette” by taking everything, including unidentified pills. This is called polydrug abuse.
Psychological Dependence - An attachment to drug use which arises from a drug's ability to satisfy some emotional or personality need of an individual. (Physical dependence is not required, but it does not seem to reinforce psychological dependence.
RA 9165 - commonly known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. It took effect on July 4, 2002.
Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) - continues as a policy-making body
and it formed the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
as the lead agency in the enforcement of the law under the Office
of the President.
The new law abolished the National Drug Law Enforcement and
Prevention Coordinating Center, the PNP Narcotics Group, the
NBI Narcotics Unit and the Customs Narcotics Interdiction Office.
Establishing the proper intelligence network has been an inherent
task given by the law to PDEA in coordination with the following
support units: The PNP AIDSOTF, the NBI AIDTF, the Customs Task
Force in Dangerous Drugs and Controlled Chemicals along with
other government and non-government entities dedicated to curb
the drug problem.
National Strategies Against Dangerous Drugs
1. Supply Reduction Strategy - which refers to the concept of
keeping the drugs away from potential drug users.
Intended Programs
a. Law Enforcement
b. Amendments of the Law
2. Demand Reduction Strategy - refers to the concept of keeping the
potential users away from drugs.
Intended Programs
a. Preventive Education
b. Sports Development
c. Moral and Spiritual Values Recovery
d. Treatment and Rehabilitation
3. International and Local Cooperation/Coordination - refers to
an effective and efficient cooperation and coordination of all
local and international agencies of the government.
Intended Programs
a. Joint Training and Exercises
b. Intelligence Networking
c. Interdiction Operation
Rehabilitation is a dynamic process directed towards changes in the health of the person to prepare him to reach his fullest life potential and capabilities, and making him a law-abiding and productive member of the community without abusing drugs.
Shabu - Methamphetamine was discovered in Japan in 1919. This crystalline powder is soluble in water, making it an ideal drug for injection. During World War II, the drug was used as a stimulant for combat soldiers. After the war, it was regarded as a cure-all for the treatment of mild depression and a good weight control substance. In the mid 80’s, it was introduced in the Philippines and has gained popularity not only in urban areas but rural communities as well. It is also regarded as a poor man’s cocaine.
Stimulant - A stimulant speeds up a person's body and brain. Stimulants, such as methamphetamines, have the opposite effect of depressants. Usually, stimulants make a person highly energetic. When the effects of a stimulant wear off, a person will feel tired or sick.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the psychoactive agent of marijuana. The more THC present in marijuana, the more potent the drug. It is also known as the “sinister element” in marijuana. This is what causes the “high” or “trip” in marijuana users.
The Golden Crescent
1. Afghanistan
2. Pakistan
3. Iran
4. India
The Golden Triangle of Drug Trafficking
1. Laos
2. Thailand
3. Burma
Tolerance - it is the increasing dosage of drugs to maintain the same effect.
Treatment is a medical service rendered to a client for the effective management of their overall conditions related to drug abuse. It deals with the physiological effects of drug abuse.
Withdrawal Period - From the point of habituation or drug dependence up to the time a drug-dependent individual is totally or gradually deprived of the drug.
Bigwas
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