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 1. A researcher must ensure that all sources cited throughout a study—such as books, journals, and online articles—are properly listed. Which section of the research paper is being described?

A. Reference materials

B. Curriculum Vitae

C. Reference list

D. Appendix


2. Which section of a research paper is located at the very end of the document and contains supplementary or detailed materials—such as raw data, blank survey questionnaires, or sample consent letters—that support the study?

A. Reference materials

B. Curriculum Vitae

C. Reference list

D. Appendix


3. Which section of a research study or dissertation provides a detailed summary of the researcher's educational background, professional history, academic publications, and credentials?

A. Reference materials

B. Curriculum Vitae

C. Reference list

D. Appendix


4. When conducting a literature review, a criminologist may consult dictionaries, encyclopedias, almanacs, or legal indexes to find quick background information or definitions. What category of background library resources does this describe?

A. Reference materials

B. Curriculum Vitae

C. Reference list

D. Appendix


5. In a study investigating 'The Impact of Police Visibility on the Crime Rate in Metro Manila,' what type of variable is 'Police Visibility'?

A. Confounding variable

B. Dependent variable

C. Independent variable

D. Intervening variable


6. A criminologist conducts a study by diving deep into the lived experiences of modern-day piracy survivors through face-to-face, unstructured interviews. What research design is being utilized?

A. Qualitative design

B. Experimental design

C. Correlational design

D. Quantitative design


7. Which probability sampling technique involves dividing the target population into distinct sub-groups based on shared traits—such as rank, gender, or crime type—before randomly selecting participants from each sub-group?

A. Purposive sampling

B. Cluster sampling

C. Snowball sampling

D. Stratified random sampling


8. When a researcher copies a paragraph verbatim from a Supreme Court ruling or a published criminological journal without using quotation marks or providing proper attribution, what ethical violation is committed?

A. Fabrication

B. Falsification

C. Plagiarism

D. Malpractice


9. Where should a researcher place bulky items such as the actual survey questionnaires, sample informed consent forms, or endorsement letters signed by the PNP Regional Director?

A. Theoretical Framework

B. Reference list

C. Appendix

D. Introduction


10. A researcher collects numerical data representing the monthly number of recorded theft cases from ten different police precincts over five years. What type of data is being gathered?

A. Quantitative data 

B. Nominal data

C. Subjective data

D. Qualitative data


11. To understand the underground operations of illegal drug syndicates, a researcher blends into a high-risk community and actively participates in day-to-day interactions without revealing their identity. What data collection method is being applied?

A. Structured interview

B. Covert participant observation

C. Overt participant observation

D. Focus group discussion


12. A thesis tracking the rehabilitation progress of inmates utilizes a sampling method where the researcher intentionally selects individuals who have served at least ten years in prison. What non-probability sampling technique is this? 

A. Simple random sampling

B. Convenience sampling

C. Purposive sampling

D. Quota sampling


13. Which section of Chapter 1 in a standard line-by-line research outline explicitly sets the boundaries of the study by stating what is included and what is deliberately excluded?

A. Scope and Delimitation

B. Statement of the Problem

C. Definition of Terms

D. Significance of the Study


14. Before administering a survey to active police officers, a researcher conducts a small-scale trial run with ten non-participating officers to check if the questions are clear and consistent. What is this trial run called?

A. Pilot testing

B. Data editing

C. Triangulation

D. Sampling frame evaluation


15. A research paper includes a section that visualizes the logical relationship between variables using a schematic diagram, often called a paradigm. What is this section?

A. Conceptual Framework

B. Historical Research Design

C. Research Abstract

D. Review of Related Literature


16. What level of data measurement classifies variable attributes into distinct categories with a strict, meaningful rank or hierarchical progression, such as military or police ranks (e.g., Patrolman, Corporal, Sergeant)?

A. Ratio level

B. Nominal level

C. Interval level

D. Ordinal level


17. If a researcher alters or manipulates actual crime statistics in their final report to make a newly implemented community policing program look more successful than it actually was, what research misconduct is committed?

A. Duplication

B. Plagiarism

C. Fabrication

D. Falsification


18. A criminological study seeks to determine if a correlation exists between an individual's family income level and their likelihood of recidivism. What type of research design is this?

A. Phenomenological design

B. Correlational design

C. Descriptive design

D. Experimental design


19. Which component of a research paper's methodology section details the total population from which samples are drawn, along with the precise mathematical formula or technique used to select respondents?

A. Research Instrument

B. Population and Sampling

C. Data Gathering Procedure

D. Statistical Treatment of Data


20. A researcher designs a new survey questionnaire to measure the level of job burnout among jail guards. Before deployment, they submit the questionnaire to a panel of three seasoned jail wardens and two senior criminologists to verify if the questions accurately cover all dimensions of workplace stress. What specific type of validation is being conducted?

A. Predictive Validity

B. Content Validity

C. Reliability Testing

D. Criterion-related Validity


Correctional Administration Review Questions


Answer:

1. C

2. D

3. B

4. A

5. C

6. A

7. D

8. C

9. C

10. A

11. B

12. C

13. A

14. A

15. A

16. D

17. D

18. B

19. B

20. B