Article 170. Falsification Of Legislative Documents
On Criminal Law
Article 170. Falsification of legislative documents. — The penalty of prision correccional in its maximum period and a fine not exceeding One million two hundred thousand pesos (P1,200,000) shall be imposed upon any person who, without proper authority therefor alters any bill, resolution or ordinance enacted or approved or pending approval by either House of Congress or any provincial board or municipal council.
ELEMENTS:
1. That there be a bill, resolution, or ordinance enacted or approved or pending approval by Congress or any provincial board or municipal council;
2. That the offender (any person) alters the same;
3. That he has no proper authority therefor; and
4. That the alteration has changed the meaning of the document.
The accused must not be a public official entrusted with the custody or possession of such a document, otherwise, Art. 171 applies.
There can be no falsification through reckless imprudence, as that will be inconsistent with the element of intent to cause damage in said crime.
ELEMENTS:
1. That there be a bill, resolution, or ordinance enacted or approved or pending approval by Congress or any provincial board or municipal council;
2. That the offender (any person) alters the same;
3. That he has no proper authority therefor; and
4. That the alteration has changed the meaning of the document.
The accused must not be a public official entrusted with the custody or possession of such a document, otherwise, Art. 171 applies.
There can be no falsification through reckless imprudence, as that will be inconsistent with the element of intent to cause damage in said crime.
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